The Storm :: essays research papers

To write a story, an origin must take in consideration wholly aspects of the world he is creating for us to imagine. Choplins The Storm however, takes the setting of a story to a different level, the setting can be said to take on a life of its own, and to manipulate the two characters into passion with one another. In The Storm , Choplin uses the quick intensity of the weather to symbolize, and provoke the relationships and actions of the characters in the story. An author has complete control all oer his or her story the setting, the weather, location, characters, the list could go on and on. So its important that the reader pick up on every aspect that the author has created, because, the author has intended for it to be that way, and to help round out the story.This is especially important with the way the actions between Calixta and Alcee relate to a storm that had started almost as curtly as Alcee rode up on his horse. As Alcee stands on the porch, (the actual text notes t hat he had no intention of walking inside the house), the water beat through with(predicate) the boards forcing Alcee to enter the house. The water even went so far as to actually follow Alcee into the house, to the point where it was necessary to put something beneath the door to keep the water out. More instances where the storm relates with the characters is when Calixta is looking out the window, and a lightning bolt strikes a tree, and causes Calixta to fall into the arms of Alcee, foreshadowing the passion that is to come later between the two. Also, it introduces them to their starve for each other, which not only foreshadows what it to come, except, it also initiates them into their path to love making. Another aspect is the fact that when the storm begins to fade away, the story notes that at this point it invites them to sleep, but they dare not stop what they were doing. This is a crucial part in the story, it is where the two characters do not yield to what the storm has suggested. At this part, they take over and let nothing stop them. Finally, the storm ends, and Alcee leaves. This suggests the storm represented passion, and when the passion was over, Alcee departs just a fast as he came.

Essay --

The movie Sherrybaby depicts a young woman struggling to pick up her life where it left off aft(prenominal) being released from prison. She tries to rebuild her life but encounters many obstacles along the way. She tries to rekindle the relationship with her daughter Alexis, while battling to stay clean from her heroin addiction. She also seems to conduct a difficult time forming relationships with people in her halfway home and using her sexuality to nonplus her way in the work field. She is in all over her head as she tries to jump right into where she left off three years ago. Despite her positive attitude, we witness the challenges she faces with low self-esteem, substance abuse, and the guilt of difference her daughter Alexis to be raised by her brother and sister in law. In the very beginning of the charter when trying establish the fundamental things requisite to get her life back on back, we see how she uses her sexual appeal to get what she wants. When speaking with her parole officer, Sherry tries to use her good looks in persuading him to see her family in New Jersey. After he quickly picks up on this, dissatisfied Sherry sulks using the excuse that she hasnt seen her daughter in years. Indeed family contact was the line motivator stated by participants for maintaining their recovery (Duffy & Baldwin, 2013). Perhaps her parole having dealt with similar cases to Sherry saw the effects family isolationism had on recovery. It is clear that he is non in on her game but still, he allows her to go see her brother and daughter. Arriving at her new home Sherry is introduced to the director of the halfway home where we find the two of them in the basement sexually involved. Once again, we see Sherry using her good looks when trying to ge... ...ug use, recovery from use and personal identity (Brener, Hippel, & Hippel, 2012). Sherry does acknowledge her addiction and does want to get clean. This theory could be useful in predicting futu re drug use among people who are attempting to quit and who is likely to complete treatment. She soon discovers things are not so easy or as expected. Sherry realizes during her first true parenting experience that she is not quite able to handle life on her own solely yet. In order for Sherry to have a chance at rekindling her relationship with daughter Alexis, she must be willing to accept her weaknesses and accept the past. As the film unravels, it is evident she has issues from her past that are kept at bay reflecting on where she is in life. It is Sherrys desire to change that will ultimately determine whether she gets secant chance at life.

Canadas Federal Government :: essays research papers

Canada, like most western countries, uses a democratic approach to forming the federal government. Political parties are elected through take from the citizens of Canada. Although the idea of voting does not seem like a very difficult task, the forming of Canadas federal government is very tedious, in which many move must be taken. In the next few paragraphs I will talk ab come out how Canadas Federal government is formed, while also putt in a few thoughts of my own with our system.First of all, you have your main political parties, each with a somewhat different ideology. An example would be the invigorated Democratic Party (NDP) who have more of a socialists idea of how Canada should work. During an election campaign, the people of each constituency (population district) vote for the political ships company that they think bests benefits Canadas economy, entirely mostly, what benefits their own economic status and ideological opinion. Important issues like Health Care an d the Environment are a good reasons people vote for legitimate parties as well.Depending on the number of ridings won by each party, a majority or minority party is elected. A majority government is reasonably much when a party wins by a margin of at least fifty percent plus one. This happens when, no matter what, other parties cannot out vote them, even if all the other parties add up their votes together, the meat will still be less than the Majority partys sum of votes. A minority government is when the sum of unelected parties can still out weigh the government party in charge. This also means that if the elected party wanted to pass an act, etc. they would need support from the opposition. When this happens, good luck passing any laws, since parties rarely help one another unless a compromise is made or if it would make their party look better.Winning representatives from each constituency are chosen and can be from any party that won in its constituency. The total re presentatives then will be the same number as the constituencies, 279 representatives, 279 constituencies. However, that party that is elected as a whole and has the most representatives in the sevens then forms the Cabinet. The Cabinet is made from the representatives of the elected party and is when approximately 30 to 40 ministers are chosen to take the control of a ministry, fisheries, forestry, etc.

Eudora Weltys The Ponder Heart. :: Eudora Welty The Ponder Heart.

Eudora Weltys The Ponder stubThe critical essay The Strategy of Edna Earle Ponder by Marilyn Arnold expresses the idea that Edna Earle Ponder is size of it up the woman who has come to the Beulah Hotel, while her car is being fixed, as a potential new wife for Uncle Daniel. Arnold believes that the narrative ear is important reputation in the novel. Arnold argues that the listener is a young female who is nave and faint and that Dean Earle utilizes her self-professed intelligence to get Uncle Daniel married again. By marrying again Uncle Daniel would come unwrap of his reclusivness and be felicitous once more. She statesThroughout the novel the adroit Edna Earle travels the anatomy of her story selecting details meant to charm and impress a young woman and at the same time she sets forth the expectations that would govern a liaison in the midst of her guest and Daniel(Arnold 70).According to Arnold, Edna Earle is completely disappointed in the two previous marriages of Uncle Daniel. As his protector and the one person who is concerned with his happiness any gain ground brides will be first sized up, then courted, then forewarned and foreordained by Daniels niece and protector(71). It is Ednas belief that Uncle Daniel can only be truly dexterous when he is in love.In the beginning of her tale Edna Earle gives her listener a plethora of favorable descriptions and accounts of Uncle Daniel. Edna Earle is especially careful to stress Daniels youthfulness in nastiness of fifty-plus years(72). She also explains how she, Daniels father, and the citizens of the town have handled Uncle Daniel. Arnold statesHer narrative becomes in part a lesson on how to treat Daniel that is, how to protect him and let him do whatever makes him happy(73).Lastly, Arnold asserts that Edna Earle emphasizes how Uncle Daniel gave away almost all of the Ponder money.Eudora Weltys The Ponder Heart. Eudora Welty The Ponder Heart.Eudora Weltys The Ponder HeartThe critical essay The S trategy of Edna Earle Ponder by Marilyn Arnold expresses the idea that Edna Earle Ponder is sizing up the woman who has come to the Beulah Hotel, while her car is being fixed, as a potential new wife for Uncle Daniel. Arnold believes that the narrative ear is important character in the novel. Arnold argues that the listener is a young female who is nave and shy and that Dean Earle utilizes her self-professed intelligence to get Uncle Daniel married again. By marrying again Uncle Daniel would come out of his reclusivness and be happy once more. She statesThroughout the novel the adroit Edna Earle travels the course of her story selecting details meant to charm and impress a young woman and at the same time she sets forth the expectations that would govern a liaison between her guest and Daniel(Arnold 70).According to Arnold, Edna Earle is completely disappointed in the two previous marriages of Uncle Daniel. As his protector and the one person who is concerned with his happiness any further brides will be first sized up, then courted, then forewarned and foreordained by Daniels niece and protector(71). It is Ednas belief that Uncle Daniel can only be truly happy when he is in love.In the beginning of her tale Edna Earle gives her listener a plethora of favorable descriptions and accounts of Uncle Daniel. Edna Earle is especially careful to stress Daniels youthfulness in spite of fifty-plus years(72). She also explains how she, Daniels father, and the citizens of the town have handled Uncle Daniel. Arnold statesHer narrative becomes in part a lesson on how to treat Daniel that is, how to protect him and let him do whatever makes him happy(73).Lastly, Arnold asserts that Edna Earle emphasizes how Uncle Daniel gave away almost all of the Ponder money.

Steven Spielberg’s Interpretation of Philip K. Dicks’s Minority Report

Steven Spielbergs Interpretation of Philip K. Dickss Minority Report In the year 2054 crime has become a thing of the past. The relatively untested Pre-Crime system allows the government to operate an elite police force, which with the help of three very talented and unique human beings can see into the future and thwart countless crimes, especially murders before they happen. In Philip K. Dickss short story, The Minority Report, the world we live in is nearly infallible. With the reduction of violent criminal acts, large number can live their lives in peace and prosperity without the fear of the pain and suffering, which usually accompanies violence. Likewise, in director Steven Spielbergs 2002 movie re-creation of Dicks renowned story, Spielberg also offers up an image of a nearly flawless society whose foundation is about to be tested to its limits. The atmosphere Philip K. Dick immersed the ref into in his short story about what is to come of crime and t he future is very fast paced. The story itself being fairly short in space is action packed and abundant with drama, mystery, and suspicion. The opening scene takes place at the Pre-Crime headquarters where John Anderton, the Pre-Crime director confronts Ed Witwer, who is an ambitious newcomer to Andertons agency. As in Spielbergs film the two quickly bond in not such an affectionate way. However, when Anderton decides to show off the way his crime stripe scheme works hes stunned upon realizing that he has been predestined by his own system to kill a man in the coming(prenominal) week. In both pas seuls of the story the main character, Anderton, now embarks on a quest to find out exactly what is happening to him. Under the suspicion that hes being fr... ...y reasons why this could have occurred, the most probable one is that Spielberg needed to lengthen Dicks short story and alter it about in order to make it more lengthy and meaningful to his target early 21st Century audienc e. Lastly, I personally preferred the original version of the story after seeing the film however, after being given the chance to actually listen to Spielbergs reasoning behind some of the things he did in his version of the story, the movie adaptation became more intriguing and meaningful to me than it had previously been.Works CitedDick, Philip K. The Minority Report And Other Short Stories by Philip K. Dick. spick-and-span York Kensington Publishing Corp., 2002Minority Report. Writ. Dick, Philip K., Frank, Scott, Cohen, Jon. and Dir. Steven Spielberg. Prod. Goldman, Gary, Shusett, Ronald. Perf. Tom Cruise. 20th Century Fox, 2002.

Steven Spielberg’s Interpretation of Philip K. Dicks’s Minority Report

Steven Spielbergs Interpretation of Philip K. bastardss nonage Report In the year 2054 aversion has become a thing of the past. The relatively new Pre-Crime administration allows the government to operate an elite police force, which with the help of three very talented and strange human beings can see into the future and prevent countless crimes, especially murders before they happen. In Philip K. Dickss short account, The Minority Report, the world we live in is nearly infallible. With the reduction of violent criminal acts, people can live their lives in peace and prosperity with let out the fear of the pain and suffering, which usually accompanies violence. Likewise, in managing theatre director Steven Spielbergs 2002 movie re-creation of Dicks renowned story, Spielberg also offers up an image of a nearly flawless society whose foundation is round to be tested to its limits. The atmosphere Philip K. Dick immersed the reader into in his short story ab out what is to come of crime and the future is very fast paced. The story itself being fairly short in length is action packed and abundant with drama, mystery, and suspicion. The opening scene takes place at the Pre-Crime headquarters where John Anderton, the Pre-Crime director confronts Ed Witwer, who is an ambitious newcomer to Andertons agency. As in Spielbergs film the two quickly bond in not such an well-disposed way. However, when Anderton decides to show off the way his crime prevention scheme works hes stunned upon realizing that he has been predestined by his own system to kill a man in the upcoming week. In both versions of the story the main character, Anderton, now embarks on a quest to find out exactly what is happening to him. Under the suspicion that hes being fr... ...y reasons why this could have occurred, the most probable one is that Spielberg needed to lengthen Dicks short story and alter it slightly in order to make it more lengthy and meaningful to his targe t early 21st atomic number 6 audience. Lastly, I personally preferred the original version of the story after seeing the film however, after being given the chance to actually learn to Spielbergs reasoning behind some of the things he did in his version of the story, the movie adaptation became more intriguing and meaningful to me than it had previously been.Works CitedDick, Philip K. The Minority Report And Other Short Stories by Philip K. Dick. New York Kensington Publishing Corp., 2002Minority Report. Writ. Dick, Philip K., Frank, Scott, Cohen, Jon. and Dir. Steven Spielberg. Prod. Goldman, Gary, Shusett, Ronald. Perf. Tom Cruise. 20th Century Fox, 2002.

Vampire Academy Chapter 12

TWELVESLEEP CAME RELUCTANTLY THAT NIGHT and I tossed and glowering for a desire era before eventually acquittance under.An hour or so later, I sat up in bed, nerve-racking to relax and motley pop the emotions coming to me. Lissa. Scared and upset. Unstable. The nights events suddenly came rushing patronage to me as I went by dint of what could be some(prenominal)ering her. The queen humiliating her. Mia. Maybe even Christian he could ingest found her for all I knew.Yetn whizz of those was the problem right now. Buried within her, there was something else. Something terribly wrong.I climbed out(a) of bed, spiffed up hastily, and considered my options. I had a third-floor room now way too high to climb down from, particularly since I had no Ms. Karp to patch me up this time. I would never be able to sneak out of the main hall. That only when left freeing through the appropriate channels.Where do you think youre going? angiotensin converting enzyme of the matrons who s upervised my hall facial gestureed up from her chair. She sat stati unityd at the end of the hall, near the stairs going down. During the day, that stairwell had loose supervision. At night, we might as well relieve oneself been in jail.I uprise everywhere my arms. I need to see Dim Guardian Belikov.Its late.Its an emergency.She looked me up and down. You seem okay to me.Youre going to be in so much trouble tomorrow when everyone finds out you stopped me from reporting what I know. declaim me.Its private guardian stuff.I gave her as hard a inspect as I could manage. It must have worked, because she finally stood up and pulled out a cell phone. She called someone Dimitri, I hoped further murmured too low for me to hear. We waited several(prenominal) minutes, and then the door leading to the stairs open(a). Dimitri appeared, fully dressed and alert, though I felt pretty sure as shooting wed pulled him out of bed.He took one look at me. Lissa.I nodded.Without another word, he turned around and started patronize down the stairs. I chaseed. We walked crosswise the quad in silence, toward the imposing Moroi dorm. It was night for the vampires, which meant it was solar day for the rest of the world. Mid-afternoon sun shone with a cold, golden light on us. The human genes in me welcomed it and constantly sort of regretted how Moroi light sensitivity forced us to support in darkness most of the time.Lissas hall matron gaped when we appeared, simply Dimitri was too intimidating to oppose. Shes in the bathroom, I told them. When the matron started to follow me inside, I wouldnt let her. Shes too upset. Let me burble to her alone prototypal.Dimitri considered. Yes. Give them a minute.I pushed the door open.Liss?A soft sound, ilk a sob, came from within. I walked down five stalls and found the only one closed. I knocked softly.Let me in, I said, hoping I sounded calm and strong.I heard a sniffle, and a few moments later, the door unlatched. I wasnt pre pared for what I saw. Lissa stood before mecovered in beginning.Horrified, I squelched a scream and close to called for help. Looking more closely, I saw that a lot of the line of business wasnt actually coming from her. It was smeared on her, like it had been on her hands and shed rubbed her face. She sank to the floor, and I followed, kneeling before her.Are you okay? I whispered. What happened?She only shook her head, tho I saw her face crumple as more tears spilled from her look. I took her hands.Come on. Lets get you cleaned I stopped. She was bleeding after all. Perfect lines crossed her wrists, not near any crucial veins, plainly enough to leave wet, red tracks across her skin. She hadnt hit her veins when she did this death hadnt been her goal. She met my eyes.Im sorryI didnt mean transport dont let them know she sobbed. When I saw it, I freaked out. She nodded toward her wrists. This meet happened before I could stop. I was upsetIts okay, I said automatically, wond ering what it was. Come on.I heard a knock on the door. Rose?Just a sec, I called back.I took her to the sink and rinsed the billet off her wrists. Grabbing the first-aid kit, I hastily depute some Band-Aids on the cuts. The bleeding had already slowed.Were coming in, the matron called.I jerked off my hoodie sweatshirt and quickly handed it to Lissa. She had just pulled it on when Dimitri and the matron entered. He raced to our sides in an instant, and I recognize that in hiding Lissas wrists, Id forgotten the blood on her face.Its not mine, she said quickly, seeing his expression. Itits the pikaDimitri assessed her, and I hoped he wouldnt look at her wrists. When he seemed at ease she had no gaping wounds, he asked, What rabbit? I was wondering the same thing.With shaking hands, she pointed at the trash can. I cleaned it up. So Natalie wouldnt see.Dimitri and I both walked over and peered into the can. I pulled myself away immediately, swallowing back my stomachs need to thro w up. I dont know how Lissa knew it was a rabbit. All I could see was blood. Blood and blood-soaked paper towels. Globs of gore I couldnt identify. The smell was horrible.Dimitri shifted closer to Lissa, bending down until they were at eye level. Tell me what happened. He handed her several tissues.I came back approximately an hour ago. And it was there. remediate there in the middle of the floor. Torn apart. It was like it hadexploded. She sniffed. I didnt want Natalie to find it, didnt want to scare herso I-I cleaned it up. Then I just couldntI couldnt go back She began to cry, and her shoulders shook.I could figure out the rest, the part she didnt declaim Dimitri. Shed found the rabbit, cleaned up, and freaked out. Then shed cut herself, but it was the weird way she coped with things that upset her.No one should be able to get into those rooms exclaimed the matron. How is this casualty?Do you know who did it? Dimitris voice was gentle.Lissa reached into her pajama pocket and pulled out a crumpled piece of paper. It had so much blood soaked into it, I could barely read it as he held it and smoothed it out.I know what you are. You wont survive being here. Ill make sure of it. Leave now. Its the only way you might live through this.The matrons shock transformed into something more determined, and she headed for the door. Im getting Ellen. It took me a second to remember that was Kirovas first name.Tell her well be at the clinic, said Dimitri. When she left, he turned to Lissa. You should lie down.When she didnt move, I linked my arm through hers. Come on, Liss. Lets get you out of here.Slowly, she put one foot in front of the other and let us lead her to the Academys medical clinic. It was normally staffed by a couple of doctors, but at this time of night, only a nurse stayed on duty. She offered to wake one of the doctors, but Dimitri declined. She just needs to rest.Lissa had no sooner stretched out on a infinitesimal bed than Kirova and a few others sh owed up and started questioning her.I thrust myself in front of them, blocking her. Leave her alone Cant you see she doesnt want to dress down about it? Let her get some sleep firstMiss Hathaway, declared Kirova, youre out of line as usual. I dont even know what youre doing here.Dimitri asked if he could speak with her privately and led her into the hall. I heard angry whispers from her, calm and firm ones from him. When they returned, she said stiffly, You may stay with her for a little while. Well have janitors do further cleaning and investigation in the bathroom and your room, Miss Dragomir, and then discuss the situation in detail in the morning.Dont wake Natalie, whispered Lissa. I dont want to scare her. I cleaned up everything in the room anyway.Kirova looked doubtful. The group retreated but not before the nurse asked if Lissa wanted anything to eat or drink. She declined. Once we were alone, I lay down beside her and put my arm around her.I wont let them find out, I told her, sensing her worry about her wrists. just I wish youd told me before I left the reception. Youd said youd always come to me first.I wasnt going to do it then, she said, her eyes staring blankly off. I swear, I wasnt going to. I mean, I was upsetbut I suppositionI sight I could handle it. I was trying so hardreally, Rose. I was. But then I got back to my room, and I saw it, and Ijust lost it. It was like the last straw, you know? And I knew I had to clean it up. Had to clean it up before they saw, before they found out, but there was so much bloodand afterward, after it was through with(p), it was too much, and I felt like I was going toI dont knowexplode, and it was just too much, I had to let it out, you know? I had to I interrupted her hysteria. Its okay, I understand.That was a lie. I didnt get her cutting at all. Shed done it sporadically, ever since the accident, and it frightened me each time. Shed try to explain it to me, how she didnt want to die she just necessa ry to get it out somehow. She felt so much emotionally, she would say that a physical outlet physical pain was the only way to make the native pain go away. It was the only way she could control it. wherefore is this happening? she cried into her pillow. Why am I a freak?You arent a freak.No one else has this happen to them. No one else does whoremaster like I can.Did you try to do magic? No answer. Liss? Did you try to heal the rabbit?I reached out, just to see if I could maybe fix it, but there was just too much bloodI couldnt.The more she uses it, the worse itll get. relinquish her, Rose.Lissa was right. Moroi magic could conjure fire and water, move rocks and other pieces of earth. But no one could heal or bring animals back from the dead. No one except Ms. Karp.Stop her before they notice, before they notice and take her away too. Get her out of here.I hated carrying this concealed, mostly because I didnt know what to do about it. I didnt like feeling powerless. I needed to protect her from this and from herself. And yet, at the same time, I needed to protect her from them, too.We should go, I said abruptly. Were going to leave.Rose Its happening again. And its worse. Worse than last time.Youre afraid of the note.Im not afraid of any note. But this place isnt safe.I suddenly longed for Portland again. It might be dirtier and more crowded than the hard Montana landscape, but at least you knew what to expect not like here. Here at the Academy, past and present warred with each other. It might have its pretty old walls and gardens, but inside, modern things were creeping in. People didnt know how to handle that. It was just like the Moroi themselves. Their archaic royal families pacify held the power on the surface, but people were growing discontent. Dhampirs who wanted more to their lives. Moroi like Christian who wanted to fight the Strigoi. The royals still clung to their traditions, still touted their power over everyone else, just as the Ac ademys figure out iron gates put on a show of tradition and invincibility.And, oh, the lies and secrets. They ran through the halls and hid in the corners. Someone here hated Lissa, someone who was probably rapturous right to her face and pretending to be her helpmate. I couldnt let them destroy her.You need to get some sleep, I told her.I cant sleep.Yes, you can. Im right here. You wont be alone. dread and concern and other troubled emotions coursed through her. But in the end, her bodys needs won out. After a while, I saw her eyes close. Her breathing became even, and the shackle grew low-keyed.I watched her sleep, too keyed up with adrenaline to allow myself any rest. I think maybe an hour had passed when the nurse returned and told me I had to leave.I cant go, I said. I promised her she wouldnt be alone.The nurse was tall, even for a Moroi, with kind brown eyes. She wont be. Ill stay with her.I regarded her skeptically.I promise.Back in my room, I had my own crash. The fea r and excitement had worn me out too, and for an instant, I wished I could have a normal life and a normal best friend. Immediately, I cast that thought out. No one was normal, not really. And Id never have a better friend than Lissabut man, it was so hard sometimes.I slept heavily until morning. I went to my first class tentatively, nervous that word about last night had gotten around. As it turned out, people were talking about last night, but their attention was still focused on the queen and the reception. They knew nothing about the rabbit. As hard as it was to believe, Id nearly forgotten about that other stuff. Still, it suddenly seemed like a small thing compared to someone causing a bloody explosion in Lissas room.Yet, as the day went on, I noticed something weird. People stopped looking at Lissa so much. The started looking at me. Whatever. Ignoring them, I hunted around and found Lissa finishing up with a feeder. That absurd feeling I always got came over me as I watche d her mouth work against the feeders neck, drinking his blood. A trickle of it ran down his throat, standing out against his pale skin. Feeders, though human, were nearly as pale as Moroi from all the blood loss. He didnt seem to notice he was long gone on the high of the bite. Drowning in jealousy, I heady I needed therapy.You okay? I asked her later, on our way to class. She wore long sleeves, purposefully obscuring her wrists.YeahI still cant stop thinking about that rabbitIt was so horrible. I keep seeing it in my head. And then what I did. She squeezed her eyes shut, just for a moment, and then opened them again. People are talking about us.I know. Ignore them.I hate it, she said angrily. A surge of darkness shot up into her and through the bond. It made me cringe. My best friend was lighthearted and kind. She didnt have feelings like that. I hate all the gossip. Its so stupid. How can they all be so shallow?Ignore them, I retell soothingly. You were smart not to hang out wit h them anymore.Ignoring them grew harder and harder, though. The whispers and looks increased. In animal behavior, it became so bad, I couldnt even concentrate on my now-favorite subject. Ms. Meissner had started talking about evolution and survival of the fittest and how animals sought mates with good genes. It fascinated me, but even she had a hard time staying on task, since she had to keep yelling at people to quiet down and pay attention.Somethings going on, I told Lissa between classes. I dont know what, but theyre all over something new.Something else? Other than the queen hating me? What more could there be?Wish I knew.Things finally came to a head in our last class of the day, Slavic art. It started when a guy I barely knew made a very explicit and nearly obscene suggestion to me while we all worked on individual projects. I replied in kind, letting him know exactly what he could do with his request.He only laughed. Come on, Rose. I bleed for you.Loud giggles ensued, and Mi a cut us a taunting look. Wait, its Rose who does the bleeding, right?More laughter. agreement slapped me in the face. I jerked Lissa away. They know.Know what?About us. About how youyou know, how I fed you while we were gone.She gaped. How?How do you think? Your ?friend Christian.No, she said adamantly. He wouldnt have.Who else knew?Faith in Christian flashed in her eyes and in our bond. But she didnt know what I knew. She didnt know how Id bitched him out last night, how Id made him think she hated him. The guy was unstable. Spreading our biggest secret well, one of them would be an adequate revenge. Maybe hed killed the rabbit, too. After all, it had died only a couple hours after Id told him off.Not waiting around to hear her protests, I walk off to the other side of the room where Christian was working by himself, as usual. Lissa followed in my wake. Not caring if people saw us, I leaned across the table toward him, putting my face inches from his.Im going to kill you.His e yes darted to Lissa, the faintest glimmer of longing in them, and then a scowl spread over his face. Why? Is it like guardian extra credit?Stop with the attitude, I warned, pitching my voice low. You told. You told how Lissa had to feed off me.Tell her, said Lissa desperately. Tell her shes wrong.Christian dragged his eyes from me to her, and as they regarded each other, I felt such a powerful wave of attraction, it was a wonder it didnt knock me over. Her heart was in her eyes. It was obvious to me he felt the same way about her, but she couldnt see it, particularly since he was still glaring at her.You can stop it, you know, he said. You dont have to pretend anymore.Lissas giddy attraction vanished, replaced by hurt and shock over his tone. Iwhat? Pretend what?You know what. Just stop. Stop with the act.Lissa stared at him, her eyes huge and wounded. She had no clue Id gone off on him last night. She had no clue that he believed she hated him.Get over feeling sorry for yourself, and tell us whats going on, I snapped at him. Did you or didnt you tell them?He fixed me with a defiant look. No. I didnt.I dont believe you.I do, said Lissa.I know its impossible to believe a freak like me could keep his mouth shut especially since neither of you can but I have better things to do than spread stupid rumors. You want someone to blame? Blame your golden boy over there.I followed his scan to where Jesse was laughing about something with that idiot Ralf.Jesse doesnt know, said Lissa defiantly.Christians eyes were glued to me. He does, though. Doesnt he, Rose? He knows.My stomach sank out of me. Yes. Jesse did know. Hed figured it out that night in the lounge. I didnt thinkI didnt think hed tell. He was too afraid of Dimitri.You told him? exclaimed Lissa.No, he guessed. I was starting to feel sick.He apparently did more than guess, muttered Christian.I turned on him. Whats that supposed to mean?Oh. You dont know.I swear to God, Christian, Im going to break your neck after class.Man, you really are unstable. He said it almost happily, but his next words were more serious. He still wore that sneer, still glowed with anger, but when he spoke, I could hear the faintest uneasiness in his voice. He sort of elaborated on what was in your note. Got into a little more detail.Oh, I get it. He said we had sex. I didnt need to mince words. Christian nodded. So. Jesse was trying to boost his own reputation. Okay. That I could deal with. Not like my reputation was that stellar to begin with. Everyone already believed I had sex all the time.And uh, Ralf too. That you and he Ralf? No amount of alcohol or any illegal substance would make me touch him. I what? That I had sex with Ralf too?Christian nodded.That asshole Im going to Theres more.How? Did I sleep with the basketball team?He said they both said you let themwell, you let them drink your blood.That stopped even me. Drinking blood during sex. The dirtiest of the dirty. Sleazy. Beyond being easy or a slut. A gazillion times worse than Lissa drinking from me for survival. Blood-whore territory.Thats crazy Lissa cried. Rose would never Rose?But I wasnt listening anymore. I was in my own world, a world that took me across the classroom to where Jesse and Ralf sat. They both looked up, faces half smug and halfnervous, if I had to guess. Not unexpected, since they were both lying through their teeth.The entire class came to a standstill. Apparently theyd been expecting some type of showdown. My unstable reputation in action.What the hell do you think youre doing? I asked in a low, dangerous voice.Jesses nervous look turned to one of terror. He might have been taller than me, but we both knew who would win if I turned violent. Ralf, however, gave me a cocky smile.We didnt do anything you didnt want us to do. His smiled turned cruel. And dont even think about laying a hand on us. You start a fight, and Kirovall kick you out to go live with the other blood whores.The rest of the stude nts were holding their breaths, waiting to see what wed do. I dont know how Mr. Nagy could have been oblivious to the free rein occurring in his class.I wanted to punch both of them, hit them so hard that itd make Dimitris brawl with Jesse look like a pat on the back. I wanted to wipe that smirk off Ralfs face.But asshole or not, he was right. If I touched them, Kirova would expel me in the blink of an eye. And if I got kicked out, Lissa would be alone. Taking a deep breath, I made one of the hardest decisions of my life.I walked away.The rest of the day was miserable. In backing down from the fight, I opened myself up to mockery from everyone else. The rumors and whispers grew louder. People stared at me openly. People laughed. Lissa kept trying to talk to me, to console me, but I ignored even her. I went through the rest of my classes like a zombie, and then I headed off to practice with Dimitri as fast I could. He gave me a puzzled look but didnt ask any questions.Alone in my ro om later on, I cried for the first time in years.Once I got that out of my system, I was about to put on my pajamas when I heard a knock at my door. Dimitri. He studied my face and then glanced away, obviously aware Id been crying. I could tell, too, that the rumors had finally reached him. He knew.Are you okay?It doesnt matter if I am, remember? I looked up at him. Is Lissa okay? Thisll be hard on her.A funny look crossed his face. I think it astonished him that Id still be worried about her at a time like this. He beckoned me to follow and led me out to a back stairwell, one that usually stayed locked to students. But it was open tonight, and he gestured me outside. Five minutes, he warned.More curious than ever, I stepped outside. Lissa stood there. I should have sensed she was close, but my own out-of-control feelings had obscured hers. Without a word, she put her arms around me and held me for several moments. I had to hold back more tears. When we broke apart, she looked at me with calm, level eyes.Im sorry, she said.Not your fault. Itll pass.She clearly doubted that. So did I.It is my fault, she said. She did it to get back at me.She?Mia. Jesse and Ralf arent smart enough to think of something like that on their own. You said it yourself Jesse was too scared of Dimitri to talk much about what happened. And why wait until now? It happened a while ago. If hed wanted to spread stuff around, he would have done it back then. Mias doing this as retaliation for you talking about her parents. I dont know how she managed it, but shes the one who got them to say those things.In my gut, I realized Lissa was right. Jesse and Ralf were the tools Mia had been the mastermind.Nothing to be done now, I sighed.Rose Forget it, Liss. Its done, okay?She studied me quietly for a few seconds. I havent seen you cry in a long time.I wasnt crying.A feeling of heartache and sympathy beat through to me from the bond.She cant do this to you, she argued.I laughed bitterly, half sur prised at my own hopelessness. She already did. She said shed get back at me, that I wouldnt be able to protect you. She did it. When I go back to classes A sickening feeling settled in my stomach. I thought about the friends and respect Id managed to eke out, despite our low profile. That would be gone. You couldnt come back from something like this. Not among the Moroi. Once a blood whore, always a blood whore. What made it worse was that some dark, secret part of me did like being bitten.You shouldnt have to keep protecting me, she said.I laughed. Thats my job. Im going to be your guardian.I know, but I meant like this. You shouldnt suffer because of me. You shouldnt always have to look after me. And yet you always do. You got me out of here. You took care of everything when we were on our own. Even since coming backyouve always been the one who does all the work. Every time I break down like last night youre always there. Me, Im weak. Im not like you.I shook my head. That does nt matter. Its what I do. I dont mind.Yeah, but look what happened. Im the one she really has a grudge against even though I still dont know why. Whatever. Its going to stop. Im going to protect you from now on.There was a determination in her expression, a wonderful confidence radiating off of her that reminded me of the Lissa Id known before the accident. At the same time, I could feel something else in her something darker, a sense of deeply buried anger. Id seen this side of her before too, and I didnt like it. I didnt want her tapping into it. I just wanted her to be safe.Lissa, you cant protect me.I can, she said fiercely. Theres one thing Mia wants more than to destroy you and me. She wants to be accepted. She wants to hang out with the royals and feel like shes one of them. I can take that away from her. She smiled. I can turn them against her.How?By telling them. Her eyes flashed.My mind was moving too slowly tonight. It took me a while to catch on. Liss no. You cant use compulsion. Not around here.I might as well get some use out of these stupid powers.The more she uses it, the worse itll get. Stop her, Rose. Stop her before they notice, before they notice and take her away too. Get her out of here.Liss, if you get caught Dimitri stuck his head out. Youve got to get back inside, Rose, before someone finds you.I shot a panicked look at Lissa, but she was already retreating. Ill take care of everything this time, Rose. Everything.

Information Technology and Logistics Integration Essay

Information engineering can assistance logistics integration by simplifying complex processes within the lodge or organization. Through simplification, long processes argon streamlined thus creating more opportunities to improve the quality of run and goods. It can as well make a company more productive and be very flexible to any business demands. Information technology has helped Sunsweet Growers meet their logistics needs on both the supply and demand sides by integrating and updating the companys processes, simplifying them and offering a reliable feedback system to sustain the rewards of a flourishing sales and operation mean (S&OP).Sunsweet faces challenges where both supply and demand are constraints due to factors that the company cannot control analogous weather and crop yield among early(a) variables. It faced the challenge on how to deliver products to customers and fill the store-shelf space that the company had purchased in advance. Recent retail consolidation ha d increased buyers clout at the spending of suppliers putting additional pressure to its profit margin. Another constant challenge is the scheduling and line utilization of the company.It has also been working for a number of historic period to advance the efficiency of its supply image, including the reduction of blood line and reducing transportation costs as well as improving order lead time. The last(a) challenge is the sophistication of scheduling and aimning in the packaging of its products due to its wide variety. Sunsweet for years of its operations has used paper- found spreadsheet system to manage its supply chain. It has limitations though, since as the company business becomes more complex, so as the complexity of using such spreadsheets based on Excel.Corporate data using Excel based spreadsheets are not systemized and synchronized. Data can be easily lost. Complex readiness and scheduling issues were often encountered. Continuity of work was also a business org anisation because many of the business rules embedded in the spreadsheets are lost when a planner leaves his or her job. Excel lacks the required optimization, simulation, and statistical tools needed to model the business. It is not a flexible tool especially when business becomes complex.When formats are changed, considerable manual effort is required to resynchronize the spreadsheets when they are passed from one person to another. It is also a very slow and manual process for the company when making changes in the fruit-crop forecast and how the crop would be processed and packaged. Mistakes in the sales forecast could go away in too many changes to the set-up of the processing line as well as production overruns. Finally, planners were spending a great deal of time managing the spreadsheets, and near of the work was repetitive and could be eliminated.Elimination or streamlining then the unnecessary and repetitive works within the Sunsweet operations was a key for development by means of the integration of information technology to its S&OP. With the above mentioned challenges, Sunsweet realized that theres a need for a viable, simple and repeatable supply chain planning. It recognized the importance of S&OP as the heart of this supply chain planning. For an optimized supply chain that can reap profitable rewards, it has considered to implement an S&OP weapons platform backed -up by an excellent communication facility integrated by advance technological tools as provided by a supply chain consultant.For this purpose, Sunsweet has tapped the services of Supply Chain Consultants Zemeter S&OP supply chain planning suite to replace its Excel-based planning system. The system basically integrates all the aspects affecting the companys operations. The tools and processes provided up-to-date information in sales, production, and inventory that allowed the entire planning team to meet on a weekly basis instead of on a monthly one. This then resulted to an incr ease of the companys ability to meet customer demands while continuing to improve production efficiencies with smooth, long term requirements.The company has successfully integrated its S&OP processes concentrating on 5 welldefined process steps namely demand visibility, demand planning, inventory planning, supply planning and finite scheduling. Implementation of these steps is realized through the tools introduced by Zemeter. It made the needed data available to all departments through direct access on the same data or information. Better understanding on the other departments goals and challenges synchronized the companys operations.Decision making also straightway becomes faster in each of the department allowing more flexibility in allocating the companys resources. Under demand visibility, planners were immediately able to access data and piddle detailed, automated reports. In demand planning, Zemeters Demand Planner provided a complete forecasting solution. It provided Suns weets planners to accurately create and update statistical forecasts plan for price changes and promotions and analyze demand data, such as orders and shipments.With this, the company now uses historical data to manage items that are either dropped or discontinued. An early pattern system that can trigger e-mail alerts to planners will prompt them to review immediately appropriate matrix in the system specifically when significant orders are coming in from new customers. In inventory planning, the company can now be able to use volume loss to manage inventory beyond stock levels to effectively identify slow-moving items and reduce product loss that results from outdated or obsolete products.With the Supply Planner module, the company has now a 15-month rolling forecast of all production and supply chain restrictions. Long term production requirements are then built smoothly like the maintenance of a uniform labor force throughout the year. Lastly, the Finite Scheduling tool develop ed for Sunsweet handles slightly different size constraints on each of the companys three manufacturing lines. Details about the finite schedule, daily production, and inventory levels are updated daily through this system so that all of the planning processes are using the most up-to-date information.Without the new technology provided by Supply Chain Consultants Zemeter S&OP supply chain planning suite, the company will eventually cannot compete well due to higher operational costs and cannot increase its sales by capturing the majority of the market demand. With such an information technology tool, better understanding of how to work together to reduce production costs and improves order lead time is achieved. This then is how information technology can help integrate logistics of a company like Sunsweet Growers.

Human Behavior & society Essay

One good argument in favor of innate determination of human behavior is through an sample done with lab rats. In this case, a castrated masculine rat (with no testosterone) is placed with a female lab rat that has been injected with testosterone. In this case, the female acts dominant while the male is submissive. This to an extent proves that natural factors e. g. hormones play an important role in human behavior.Besides this, the moodiness experienced by humans undergoing puberty, as well as pre-menstrual syndrome, in which human behavior fluctuates, shows that natural factors do play a role in determining human behavior. On the other hand, the lab rat experiment is questionable, mainly because the biology of rats is significantly different from humans, and secondly, because humans themselves consume testosterone without such(prenominal) drastic swings in behavior.This suggests that what is currently seen as hormone-triggered changes in human behavior could arrest social underc urrents. Human behavior itself is a highly complex topic. In near instances, as seen with hormones and also genetically inherited diseases, it is completely due to natural circumstances and events. In other instances, certain types of human behavior is caused by social conditioning and socialization e. g. compliance with the law and the observance of norms and values.In some unusual cases, it is determined by nature and society, working hand-in-hand, or sometimes one after the other to cause a change in such behavior. To judge this issue in terms of absolutes would be unjustified. Exactly in what way human behavior is developed depends on both society and on nature- and in many cases either society or nature is more dominant. However, it is clear that human behavior overall is shaped by a ruffle of both natural and social factors and issues, from genetic inheritance to socio-economic class.

Quality education Essay

For years, I have witnessed how the art of teaching had evolved and it keeps on evolving. Every year, the teaching practice is revised centenarian techniques ar changed with new approaches suiting the new generation. Unknowingly, teachers are pressured to cope with all these changes yet with their dedication, they find means to give quality education to us students. With this article, teachers are given a new way to teach young minds.I strongly believe that a childs first steps to fill lyric poem and literacy are the most crucial ones. His first learning and experiences in school will serve as his foundation throughout his life. I could enter the importance of teachers in this stage. Thus, teachers should be competent enough to develop the child. The new approach discussed in the article promotes interactive teaching and interactive learning and as a student, I agree with this approach.By using this approach, students are encouraged to talk and participate and as a result given more adventure to express their thoughts and ideas in class well making it easy for learning. As I see it for the teachers side, it would be more convenient for them to listen to their students responses and so they could go steady their knowledge and thinking, as well as correct some misunderstandings and misconceptions.On the other hand, it was stated in the article that other teachers might be hesitating to apply this new approach with their fear of losing classroom control, and I understand that since some students, when given freedom to speak, misuse it. Nevertheless, as a learner, I am very open to this approach and I appreciate this article for helping teachers in acquiring new techniques for their profession and also for helping students learn language better which is their foremost step to literacy and quality education.

Outline the Current Legislation Essay

1.1 Outline the Current Legislation Covering Home Based Childcare and the Role of Regulatory Bodies dispel One Consider 4 pieces of legislation that are important for home based child-carers and how you would outline these to Anjums parents? As I am addressing the Parents , I would buy the farm with them in a language that would help them understand the key study, in a non-patronising, reassuring, profession and informative manner. Firstly, I would explain what legislation is laws, rules and regulations passed by our government. I would then verbally touch on each act listed below and provide examples how this would effect them as individuals, thus avoiding overloading them with facts and figures, and making the laws more personal to them. quartet relevant pieces of legislation to home-based childcare are 1). The Childrens Act (2004), Every Child Matters paper, which identifies five outcomes for children Be healthy. e.g healthy fresh foods, fresh air, exercise, regular nippy chan ges Stay safe e.g health and safety to be adhered regarding food preparation, storing of medicines/cleaning equipment, regular risk assessments, following equipment & toy manufacturers guidelines, sanitary environment, appropriate skincare & justification when outside Enjoy and achieve e.g lean through stand for with songs, puppets, puzzles and games.Encourage free play where Anjum can use her own imagination to role play and engage with the other children Make a positive contribution e.g encourage Anjum to be aware of the wider community around my setting. Celebrate different cultures, visit benignity shops with an old toy, sort out the recycling etc Achieve economic well-being e.g Initiate opportunities for children to fulfil their potential by observing things they are good at and providing positive and encouraging feedback. How does this effect Anjum and her ParentsHere I would explain that the above outcomes form the backbone of my setting experience, and the examples are a few I would maintain, of which the restrictive body OFSTED get out inspect. 2). The Equality Act (2010), which collectively covers that there should be no discrimination in the midst ofRaceMale/femaleDisabilitiesReligions/beliefsAge versed orientationIndividuals who have undergone a sex changeHow does this effect Anjum and her ParentsHere I would explain how important it is to build a strong partnership between myself and the parents regardless of any of the factors above, and how I would like to establish this throughForming a relationship prior to joining the setting with settling-in visits for both Anjum and her Parents. Open communication with the Parents & exchanging training regularly. Valuing input and ideas from the Parents by encouraging them to be involved in decisions affecting their child. Ensuring that each child is welcomed in the setting, this can be achieved by a flying greeting and a child friendly environment. Recognising individual needs by encouraging links with home e.g., favourite blanket at nap time, ensuring Anjums faith or heritage is reflected in the activities, and that toys and equipment in the setting are age appropriate Creating links between home and the setting, e.g. a daily daybook between parents and myself, scrap books for the children to share, photos.3). The Childcare Act (2006), which implemented theEYFS (Early Years Foundation Stage)OFSTED registersChildrens centres and extended schoolsLocal authorities to ensure sufficient childcare and information is providedFree early years 3-4 year old fundingHow does this effect Anjum and her ParentsHere I could explain current legislation covering the registration outgrowth and registration requirements such as training with my local authority and inspection by the regulatory body Ofsted, who monitor evidence of EYFS at my practice. I will show them my registration certificate displayed on the wall and a copy of my OFSTED report. 4). Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Danger ous Occurrences Regulations RIDDOR (1995), a law stating that specific accidents & incidents must be informHow does this effect Anjums ParentsI will ask Anjums Parents to view and sign my policies and procedure documents covering accidents, illness and emergencies and explain the relevant forms with which I immortalize illness and accidents.Part Two How would you go about outlining the regulatory body and its 4 roles to Anjums parents? Firstly, I would explain that OFSTED stands for the Office for Standards and Education, and is a government discussion section responsible for the inspection of all childcare settings. They are responsible for Registration. I would explain this covers a CRB check on myself and the other adult over 16 living in my setting Inspection. formerly registered, my setting is inspected and a report drawn up reflecting the standard of service I offer.I would give Anjums Parents a copy of this report, and it would also be visible on my website. Investigatio n. Should any concerns or complaints arise regarding my setting or service, OFSTED would investigate that I am group meeting eudaimonia requirements. Enforcement. In the case of me not meeting welfare requirements, OFSTED can take action against me. These four roles protect all children by safeguarding childrens welfare and ensuring that only suitable people offering proper premises, environment and equipment are able to practice childcare. Documentation and training, policies and procedures must be up to date and useable not only to view in written document, but also to witness within the day to day running of the setting.In ConclusionOnce I had verbally covered the above topics in a friendly, conversational manner, I would of course back up all the information in a simple file covering legislation and the regulatory bodies, including copies of all my registration and training certificates and except contact details and websites should they wish to find out further information, once they have digested what I have shared with them.

Behavioural Issues in Budgeting

To The Chief Executive From prudence Accountant regard 19th January, 2012 To The Chief Executive From caution Accountant Date 19th January, 2012 Behavioural issues which may nail down the usefulness of budgeting Management accountancy Behavioural issues which may limit the usefulness of budgeting Management Accounting The university of northampton By Matthew Matemba 10347139 The university of northampton By Matthew Matemba 10347139 Table of Contents 1 diverge A2 1. 1Executive Summary2 1. Background2 1. 3Definition2 2Purposes of work out2 3Budgetary Biasing Framework3 3. 1Budget Slack (Bias)4 3. 2Seat of Power4 3. 3Budget swordplay4 3. 4Gatekeepers5 3. 5Beating the System5 3. 6The Know-All5 4Effects of Budgeting Slack (Bias)5 5Causes of Budget Slack6 6Conclusion6 7Part B8 7. 1Cash Budget8 7. 2Interpretaion of Cash Budget9 8References9 9Bibliography11 10Appendices12 Part A Executive Summary This report demonstrates behavioural issues which may limit the usefulness of b udgeting in Langdale Ltd.Including in the report are origin, definition, purposes and types of budgeting. Prior to the above, the report intends incompatible form of budgeting padding causes of budgeting slow up , researches and above all the control of aforesaid(prenominal) behaviours in organisations and three months funds budget for Duncan Distilleries plc. Background According to Dugdale and Lyne, the emergence of Scientific Management in the 1920s, standard costing and public sector budgeting was launch by the development of business organisations (2010, P. xi).Quickly, this development became budgetary control with a budget designed to compare estimated planning with actual result of performance in aid to identify any variance either favourable or adverse. Keuning (1997) suggested that, budgeting is associated with higher managers assigning t bespeak to different de touch offments. Definition Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) in the UK defines a budget as A plan expressed in money. It is prepared and approved prior to the budget period and may show income, outgo and capital to be employed. May be drawn up showing incremental effects on former budgeted or ctual figures or be compiled by Zero-based budgeting (Hannagan, 2008, p. 560). There are various types of budgets namely, Zero-Based, Incremental, Rolling and Activity Based budget. Purposes of Budget The purposes of budget are planning of annual operations, co-ordinating the activities of various parts of the organisation, communicating plans to the various responsible centre managers, motivating managers to strive to achieve the organisation goals by meeting set targets. Finally, controlling activities and evaluating the performance of managers.Undoubtedly, budget plays major part in managing organisations because norms are set to compare budgeted and actual performances financially. However, research has showed that with new realities of global competition, rapid change and m odern technology the Beyond Budgeting movement has criticized the handed-down budgeting that, it was not meeting the advance challenges in terms of technology. Therefore, Bunce and Fraser formed the Beyond Budgeting Round Table in the UK in 1998 and inspired by the Swedish bank, Svenska Handelsbanken (Michael, 2007).Contrary to main purpose of budgeting individuals actions demonstrates about behavioural issue which may limit the usefulness of budgeting and this might not different from employees of Langdale Ltd. The draw 1 below illustrates the relationship amid objectives of budgeting contrary to behavioural issues of employees. Budgetary Biasing Framework Walker (2004) Budget Slack (Bias) As illustrated above, personal goals are a behaviour which may limit the usefulness of budgeting. It is a deliberate over-estimating of expenditure and/or under-estimate of revenues when setting budget in order to achieve easy targets.These actions from managers nullify the ability of manage ment to control variances. Research has revealed that, the inclusion of budget Slack or Padding is common in various companies. For example, Dugdale & Lyne (2010 cited in Onsi 1973 p. 26) found that 80% of managers interviewed were preparing to admit they bargained for Slack. Though, budget slack are seen as unfortunate and dysfunctional, there are some indications that some slack can be desirable providing some flexibility to operating managers Dugdale & Lyne (2010).This is known as manipulating of figures. However, reports show that due to complex inter-relationships between the various departments degree of manipulating of budgeting is difficult. Contemporary literature has reinforced the idea that slack can be desirable as well as dysfunctional. For example, Nohria and Gulati (1996) noted that slack could act as a buffer that was necessary for organisation accommodation Tan, J. and Peng, M. W. (2003) See Appendix B. Dugdale & Lyne (2010 cited in Van der Stede 2002 p. 6) found t hat slack could facilitate strategy in business units pursuing differentiation in such circumstance ends up with surplus assets such as plant, equipment and buildings. Seat of Power Additionally, from draw 1 shows a power factor which is another behavioural issue which is a limitation to budgeting. This affects budgeting process when individual managers have influence over the outcome of proposed capital expenditure. Consequently, this could divert the company direction which is contrary to its corporate objectives.Performance measure therefore, should establish to encourage the aim of the company and not individual or departmental goal. (Hannagan, 2008, p. 569) Budget Gaming Moreover, another limitation of useful budgeting is budget playing period which is an attempt by managers to practice bias in advance. A study shows managers also tend to game the budget after it has been implemented by fashioning accounting entries to portray their operation in a light that are driven by desire to report better result. Hopwood in his study showed that such behaviour is more likely if managers are evaluated Hopwood (1972) See Appendix C.For example, cost centre managers attempted to charge items of cost to other cost centres and tended to time the expenditure in light of their effects on the short-term variance but such manipulation was available to relatively few people. Gatekeepers These are employees in high position who delay in passing on vital teachings to heads of departments. Such personnel have authority to regulate the flow of information also in a position to determine various levels of management decisions. Beating the SystemIndividuals or groups may be able to beat the brass and they are even proud of behaving in such a manner. For example, a company set a budget of ? 15,000 for capital equipment. Above this limit redundant authority is required before any extra be are incurred. However, the managers beating the placement simply acquire a machine at a cost of ? 18,000 by ordering the capital equipment separately for instance, ? 14,000 and ? 4,000 per machine respectively. Surprisingly this behaviour happens in the real world and efficient internal control system and audit controls are called for further investigation. The Know-AllThere are certain managers who think they will take decisions without consulting their subordinates not realising that, the said capital equipment will scarcely work with certain additional equipment. In one case, although the subordinates were not consulted, yet they knew the know-all manager was buying a fixed asset they remained silent wise to(p) this machine might need additional parts to operate. Eventually, there was a job and the subordinates were very pleased when things went wrong. To conclude, this highlights the importance of participation and meeting to discuss on capital investment in non-current assets. Hannagan, 2008, p. 569). Effects of Budgeting Slack (Bias) Budgeting slack creates an environment where budgeting goals are not met or exceeded. Employees therefore fail to maximise sales and minimising costs and actually rather providing incentives to overspending as managers fear losing money in subsequent years and above all, budget slack encourage waste. Causes of Budget Slack The problem of budget slacks is inevitable when the previous years budgeting is used as a basis for preparing the current budget as shown on diagram 1. This address is known as Incremental Budgeting being used by Langdale Ltd.Though, provisions are made for inflation, increased activities and easily to use and understand by managers and above all less costly to operate, incremental budgets have some draw-backs such as not considering operation priorities, not objective orientated wherefore leading to manipulation of budget figures and encourages Spend it or Lose mentality. Consequently, BPP (2005, p. 303) has recommended that, to eliminate budget slack, the alternative budget to adopt is Zero-Based budgeting. Nevertheless, zero-based budgeting is mostly use in operate companies such as Governmental organisations and non-governmental organisations.Conclusion Debatably, Langdale Ltd being a publishing company, an alternative budgeting to improve incremental budgeting is Activity-based budgeting (ABB). ABB is contemporary approach to financial planning. It establishes the relationship between cost and activities. Resources are allocated to each activity which provides in-depth details especially regarding overheads because ABB permits the identification of adding a value to activities and the cost drivers of such operations. It minimising the utilisation of resources by focusing on how to increase productivity.Furthermore, ABB will provide the company opportunity of focusing on why you need to undertake certain activities, how often to perform them and their relative cost. Certainly, this approach of budgeting will enhance on processing information and products of wasteful activities that may reduce and re-deploy the companys resources for potential alternatives. Finally, in manufacturing sector being the range of mountains of Langdale Ltd ABB can enable the company to quantify decisions as follows * Reduction in Set-up and machine repairs. * Facilitates detailed analysis of cost consequently, lead to avoid certain cost.Part B Cash Budget Duncan Distilleries Plc. Cash Budget for July to September 2011. July August September ? 000 ? 000 ? 000 Sales (50% IN 30 Days) Note 6 clxxx 180 375 (50% in 60 Days) 180 345 345 imprecate Loan Given 100 100 Total inflows 360 625 820 Outflows Fixed cost Note 1. 1 32 32 32 Material 194 312 349 inconstant cost Note 2. 1 208 233 235 Fixed Selling and Distribution Note 3. 3 3 3 3 Variable Selling and distribution Note 3. 1 14 15 18 Administration Given 18 18 18 Finance Costs Bank interest Note 4 - 1 2 Financing Costs (repayment) 0 0 0 Total Outflows 469 614 657 Net Cash flow -109 11 163 Opening proportionateness 25 -84 -73 Closing Balance -84 -73 90 Interpretaion of Cash Budget The cash budget alerts Duncans management the company run into deficit in July and August. Although, the cash inflow in September will show surplus yet the financial position of the company is not strong since the first repayment of ? 50,000 loan will be due in 1st October. As a result, management has to negotiate with their bankers to extend the repayment to November. The company could also use different method of sales such as online in order to reduce variable selling and distribution cost. Finally, since the cost of material is quiet high, management could ask for more flexible terms of payment to their suppliers in percentage terms Scarlett (2009). References BPP Learning Media, 2007. emanation Performance Management. 1st ed. London BPP Learning Media Ltd. BPP, 2005.Management Accounting Performance Evaluatio n. 2nd ed. London BPP Professional Education. Dugdale,D. & Lyne, S. , 2010. Budgeting Practice and Organisation structure, Oxford s. n. Hannagan, T. , 2008. Management Concept & Practices. In 5, ed. Management Concept & Practices. Harlow. Essex Pearson Education Limited, p. 560. Hopwood, A. , 1972. An Empirical Study of the map of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation. Online, vol. 10, pp. 156-182. obtainable from http/www. jstor. org/stable/248970 Accessed 10 December 2011. Keuning, D. , 1997.Management A Contemporary Approach. London Pitman Publishing. Michael, A. , 2007. Beyound Budgeting. Online . Available from www. cimaglobal. com Accessed 10 November 2011. Tan, J. & Peng, M. , 2003. The Role of Organizational Slack Theory and Evidence. Online, vol. 24, pp. 1251-1252. Available from http//www. utdallas. edu Accessed 10 December 2011. Walker, J. , 2004. Home. Online . Available from http//maaw. info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumWalkerJohnson99. htm Accessed 27 November 2011. Wa lther, L. , n. d. Home. Online. Available from http//www. rinciplesofaccounting. com/chapter21/chapter21. html Accessed 26 November 2011. Bibliography BPP Learning Media, 2007. Advance Performance Management. 1st ed. London BPP Learning Media Ltd. BPP, 2005. Management Accounting Performance Evaluation. 2nd ed. London BPP Professional Education. Dugdale , D. & Lyne, S. , 2010. Budgeting Practice and Organisation structure, Oxford s. n. Hannagan, T. , 2008. Management Concept & Practices. In 5, ed. Management Concept & Practices. Harlow. Essex Pearson Education Limited, p. 560. Hopwood, A. , 1972.An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation. Online Available from http/www. jstor. org/stable/248970 Accessed 10 December 2011. Keuning, D. , 1997. Management A Contemporary Approach. London Pitman Publishing. MAAW, 2004. Home. Online Available from http//maaw. info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumVanderStede2000. htm Accessed 27 November 2011. Michael, A. , 2007. Be yound Budgeting. Online Available from www. cimaglobal. com Accessed 10 November 2011. Scarlett, R. , 2009. Performance Operations. Oxford Cima Publishing. Tan, J. & Peng, M. , 2003.The Role of Organizational Slack Theory and Evidence. Online Available from http//www. utdallas. edu Accessed 10 December 2011. Walker, J. , 2004. Home. Online Available from http//maaw. info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumWalkerJohnson99. htm Accessed 27 November 2011. Walther, L. , n. d. Home. Online Available from http//www. principlesofaccounting. com/chapter21/chapter21. html Accessed 26 November 2011. Appendices A. Calculations Cash Budget B. ledger The Role of Organization Slack C. Journal An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation

Novel Frankenstein Essay

As he walks by the town inn, passe-partout comes across his friend Henry Clerval, who has just arrived to begin studying at the university. gratify to see Henry, he reminds him of his family vivification after so many an(prenominal) months of isolation and gruesome health. They go back to schoolmasters apartment victor enters beginning and is relived to find no sign of the monster. But, Weakened by months of work and the shock at the horrific be he has created, he immediately falls ill with a nervous fever that lasts several months. Henry nurses him back to health and, when Victor has recovered, gives him a letter from Elizabeth that had arrived during his illness.In the first paragraph we arrive at a climax of horror as Victor describes the anxious moment he has been anticipating two years for. With the way Shelley has created atmosphere of dull misery and dreariness, we evoke guess that victor has intense feelings. The animation of the creature is set on a dull and dreary n ight of November. The rain pattered dismally the candle was to the highest degree burnt out and there was a glimmer of the half-extinguished light. Shelley is using negative descriptive to give this scene sense of horror that victor is feeling.This is an appropriately natural and depressing scene for the opening of the dull yellow eye of the creature. This atmosphere is used to open this paragraph to set the horror and anxiousness that the creature is personnel casualty to create. In the opening paragraph Shelley refers to infuse a spark to the lifeless thing. Here she is probably going on about galvanism, which is how the creature was brought to life in Frankenstein. Shelley was living in an age of scientific developments, and so her ideas would have been experiments and scientific debates of her time.Many scientists then looked to chemistry to give them the secrets of life, and Shelley would have done research on these matters. A scientist called, luigi Galvani believed that there was a different form of electricity produced by lightning, and the brain contained in animals. This vital force was called galvanism, which made muscles move. Experiments were done on galvanism, wires would be attached to the a human body and the corpse began to move, making it look as thought the body has been brought back to life.Shelley used this experiment in Frankenstein to bring the creature to life. In the second paragraph Victor goes on to describes the creatures appearance and his feelings towards this. Its like Victor has given birth and his in the buff creature is his newborn child, frequently jaundiced, misshapeden, shrivelled, and rounds a great disappointment to the unprep ared parent. His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful Great God Victor is immediately horrified by the overall wretch he has created, its a catastrophe.Victor is repelled and unable to look beyond the physical ugliness. His odontiasis of a pear ly whiteness but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the aforementioned(prenominal) colour as the dun whit sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. Victor saw beauty in the body move when they were separate but hated the overall appearance. Victor is horrified by the wretch he had created. He calls his creation a number of names, Creature, Miserable monster, possessed(predicate) corpse, wretch. These names are negative names to be called, showing that Victor has a very negative attitude, thoughts and feelings towards his creation. Victor runs away, as he so often tries to run away from troubles, and attempts to forget in his sleep. But, Victor is disturbed by the wildest dreams, dreams that would frighten him. I startled from my sleep in horror a frozen dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed. Victor is obviously haughtd by this creature, but he doesnt give the creature a chance.His jaw opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a gin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear one impart was stretched out, seemingly to detain me. This took place in Victors bedroom. The first thing the creature desires are contact and affection, this remain his primary needs, as he stretches one arm towards Victor. This may seem touching, but still Victor escaped and rushed down stairs, and took refuge in the courtyard where he remained for the symmetricalness of the night, walking up and down in the greatest agitation, listening attentively, catching and fearing each sound. At this point Victors creation maybe feeling rejected therefore leading to the bad consequences that the creation is responsible later in the novel. Victor repeatedly misinterprets the creatures expressions, seeing aggression where we see pleasure, affection, or a desire to please. Therefore Victor is selfish and only sees thing s from his point of view, not from his creations point of view and so is not the most reliable of narrators. As a result the reader may question what Frankenstein tells elsewhere in the novel about his creation. It seems to be the physical ugliness of the creature to which Victor reacts to.Here Shelley could be using the monster to criticise society and their reactions to outward appearance and hatful who appear different. What happens in rest of novel about when he tries to be twee but people react negatively because of his appearance In victors dream of the monster, Shelley may be encouraging us to consider the practicable connections between ream and reality and opens up several possible layers of interpretation. The dream may be suggesting that in order of bringing the monster to life is equivalent to violent death Elizabeth, in this way, not when Elizabeth changes into a corpse, the dream is prophetic.This is because victor has just given birth by himself and usurped the ro le of woman, made her unnecessary. His dream of finding the secret of life has effectively killed the mother. These interpretations indicate the potential results of the creation. Dreams allow things that are normally kept buried come to the surface this might be unacceptable desires or feelings which we are unable to face. In the time of 1816 it was a real crime, so God maybe punishing victor for interfering with temper.Sometimes my pulse would beat so quickly and hardly, that I felt the palpitation of every artery others, I nearly sank to the ground with horror, I felt the bitterness of disappointment dreams that had been my food and winsome rest for so long a space were no become a hell to me. This is one of the themes of the novel angers of man interfering with nature and god, or dangers of scientific knowledge used incorrectly. As victor is walking by the town inn, Victor comes across his friends Henry Clerval, who has arrived to study at the same collage as victor, Henrys f ather has let him come at last.There is irony in Henry speech. He has permitted me to undertake a voyage of discovery to the demesne of knowledge. Henry sees knowledge as a good thing but Victors use of scientific knowledge leads to tragedy. Also, Henry is one of the people who later die as a result of Frankensteins use of this knowledge. Henry saves Victor, but later is murdered by his creation. This tells us a lot about Henrys appearance throughout this chapter. Henry is willing to spend months of hard labour nursing Victor back to health and treats Victor in great respect, but yet victor does not treat his family at all that well.Victor does not tell Henry anything about what he has done. This would influence the reader attitude to Victor to the rest of the novel in a way. This gives the rest of the novel a theme of secrecy. Human nature and secrecy This chapter is the turning point to the novel or other words were it all happens from Victor being excited with solving the secre t of life to being horrified by his creation Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Policy of Appeasement: Good or Bad? Essay

After the Great War, Ger humany and a couple other countries were greatly punished, having to pay reparations and territorial losses. Hitler, soon to be a dictator, wanted to salmagundi that. He believed that Germany had been punished too severely and wanted revenge because he had such a sinewy regimen and military, there were many ways of personnel casualty about stopping him. During the 1930s, the insurance policy of calming was the about effective response to Hitlers aggression because of many sympathy but mainly that it keep cessation and didnt start struggle, the people did not support the war, and because the British needed more age to fixate for war.First of all, one reason why calming was the most effective response because for the time being, it unplowed peace throughout Europe, and after only 20 years of peace from the Great War, people didnt want another. While Chamberlain was secretly trying to get more time he claims that he is unspoilt trying to keep peac e but if necessary, he will take action, I shall not pause up the hope of a peaceful solutionyet if it were sure that any nation had make up its mind to dominate the world by its fear of force, I should feel that it must be resistedbut war is a fearful thing (Document 7).This quote signifies that although Chamberlain said he was a man of peace that if he thought it was necessary he would start a war. One problem with appeasement is that some people think that war could have been totally bended if Hitler had been stood up, because the Czech defenses were very strong and because the German generals, conscious of Germanys relative weakness at that moment, were actually prepared to attempt to remove Hitler (Document 9). So if the British had stood up to Hitler and beat him, the war would have been over and Hitler subdued.Furthermore, appeasement was a good policy because even if Chamberlain had wanted war, the Congress didnt and after just coming out of a work-shy war that killed man y lives, nobody was willing to do another. British historian Keith Eubank states Neither the people nor the government of (Britain and France) were conditioned to idea of warHitler had done nothing that any major power considered dangerous full to warrant a major European war (Document 10). Another problem with appeasement is that if you are going to have a trust surrounded by people over a controversial topic, you cant do it with a man like Hitler who is known for backstabbing and disloyalty. Trusting Hitler was a risky thing for Chamberlain because temporary hookup they are resting in peace, Hitler could sneak attack and take an advantage on a very authorized war.Lastly and most importantly, Chamberlain made the most effective response of Hitlers aggression because at that time, the British needed more time to update their weapons and prepare for war. They were not at all ready and Germany was performing very aggressive lately so Chamberlain made the right choice of buying the British time so they could win the war. A British foreign secretary describes his meeting with other governments, public confidence was strongly opposed to any action against the Germansmost people were saying openly that they did not charm why the Germans should not occupy the Rhinelandtaking almost any risk in order to avoid the situation (Document 12). It was also believed that if Britain had more time, they would win the war, time is in our favorit would be better to compress her in say 6 12 months time, than to accept the present challenge (Document 13).The most important reason as to why appeasement was a bad thing is because it gave Hitler more land and freedom. When Hitler received Sudeten territory without having to lift a finger causes him to believe Britain and France dont want to fight a war (which they didnt) and makes him think he can get away with more things. Hitler sees their peacefulness and takes his aggression into action, Germany toady beep off the last s hackles fastened upon her by the Treaty of Versailles when Adolf Hitler, as commander-in-chief of the Reich defense forces, sent his new battalions into the Rhinelands demilitarized zone (Document 4). Britain used appeasement to buy precious time to prepare and Hitler thought of this as them clientele down and took force, which almost won him the war.The whole idea of appeasement was a controversial topic between politicians. It was a good idea because it kept peace throughout Europe, people wouldnt have hold to the war aspect anyways, and that it bought British the time they needed to recover for another war. It was a bad policy because it gave Hitler confidence, Hitler may have been overthrown if a little opposition was expressed, and that Hitler couldnt be trusted. In conclusion, the policy of appeasement was the most effective way to stop Hitlers aggression.

Odysseus- Everett Comparison

The verse The Odyssey details the narrative of a man named Odysseus who went through many trials and tribulations while trying to get inhabitancy to his family. In the past, many stories, movies, and other works of literature have based its plot around the story The Odyssey. However, there is champion movie that stands out as unique and its title is O chum Where device Thou. The producers, Joel and Ethan Coen, did a wonderful job in making actor Ulysses Everett McGill represent Odysseus.Everett from O Brother Where Art Thou and Odysseus from Homers The Odyssey be very sympathetic in many ways, entirely contrast in multiple qualities and characteristics as well. In O Brother Where Art Thou, the briny character, Everett is on a voyage trying to return home to his family. Everett tries to escape Parchman Farm after he hears that his wife was about to remarry a suitor named Vernon T. Waldrip in 2 days. He tricks his twine family into believing that they were going after treasu re clearly demonstrating the love, loyalty, and courage that he has for his wife.As a result of this event, he caused the authorities to go on a Louisiana wide man hunt for Everett while creating a new relationship between himself and two other members of the Chain Gang. Like Everett, Odysseus has been wandering for x years on the sea, to find his family however, little did he know his absence allowed suitors to besiege his wife with proposals. For this reason, Odysseus set siege on the suitors on his island. In this example, the situation that Everett and Odysseus were in is very similar.They both have to draw a long journey to get back to their families and return to their original life style. Through the actions that Everett performs, one can see the similarities between himself and Odysseus. In O Brother Where Art Thou? , Everett bombards a Ku Klux Klan get together to save his friend Tommy from being lynched due to his skin color showing Everetts willingness to sacrifice hi s sustain life, as well as Petes and Delmars, to save Tommys. In addition, they end up incinerating some of the Klansmen (including exhort Dan) with a large burning cross by snipping the wires that supported it.In The Odyssey Odysseus is in a similar situation like Everett but the person he is trying to save is his wife, Penelope by drawing his clenched fist in the shape of the cruel head of an pointer Odysseus hit him under the chin which shows the courage that Odysseus had to shoot the arrow that saved his wife (xxii 7-14). Analyzing the two examples, one can see that Odysseus and Everett were willing to perform courageous acts to foster the people whom they love.Even though there are many similarities between Everett and Odysseus, there is a major remainder between the two their view on faith. In O Brother Where Art Thou Tommy informs the Chain Gang that he sold his soul to the devil to learn how to play guitar better. Further, Everett tells Tommy that Pete and Delmar had ju st been baptized and hes the only one who is unaffiliated with any type of religious figure. This shows that Everett believes in no religion, no God, and no miracles.In contrast to Everett, Odysseus believes in the Gods by saying Now watch me hit a charge that no man has hit before, if I can make this shot. Help me Apollo showing his strong intuitive feeling that he had, had in the God Apollo (xxii 4-6). For this reason Apollo granted him a straight shot on the suitor. In any case, their faith sets the two men apart from one another. In many ways the two mens bravery brought them to victory and also proves the similarities between the two however, certain beliefs such as religion causes the men to differ.Everett is a good representation of Odysseus, but there are fatal flaws between the two which cause them to be starkly different. Whether or not, one analyzes the similarities which show common strengths, or the passage of arms of differing religions, which make each man respecti vely stronger, one can analyze that all men are created different. No one man is the same as his neighbor and that makes the world to accept all races, genders, and ideology.

Four Basic Funtions of Management in Business Management Essay

Every organization, regardless of size, has developed and implemented its ingest precaution concepts in order for it to run smoothly and accomplish the vision, goal, and objective, the company has set forth. The basic functions of management lavatory be broken down into quaternity different areas, totallyowing the organization to handle the strategic, tactical, and operational ends (Sanjau, 2007).The intravenous feeding functions of management are essential to fortifying strong aggroups and stronger organization. Common to all managers, the four functions are planning, organizing, leading, and dogmatic (Pakhare, 2007). A good manager is able to accomplish all four functions both strongly and efficiently (Bateman & Snell, 2009). At Triumph, planning is the foundation in which all management decisions regarding the company will be found upon. The management groups will utilize the planning function to assess the status of the company today, as tumefy as in the upcoming f uture.Once the management team has an agreed upon plan, and the companys delegation has been established, the team must determine how the desired results will be achieved. The next objective is to establish a goal and the strategies to achieve the goals set forth. After setting the goal the next step the management team will accomplish is to create a time line to complete the objective. The organizing function for the team at Triumph is to formulate the activities, which will include the accounting department, sales department and supply chain conglomerate in helping reach the goal that has been set forth.Once all the different departments are set, it is up to the management team to departmentalize the process and create smaller groups to achieve the goals and objectives. Once the departments create their own teams a clear organizational structure is drawn and all employees are made aware of whom they are accountable too to help reach the goal of the company. Once the departmental teams are in place, the management team can help direct, communicate, motivate and assist the staff in meeting the companys goals and objectives.At Triumph the management team will have open discussion with departmental teams to create and build positive working environment. In this process the employees feel as though they are part of the decision making and will ultimately help the company reach the desired goals and objectives. The final stage of the four functions of management is to control or establish the performance standard of the companys objective (Bateman & Snell, 2009). In this stage management keeps a close watch to make sure that all teams are on track to complete the goals and objectives that have been set forth and within the timeline.If at this point, it appears that one of the teams seems to be off track then management will step in and help pull in or make any necessary changes. The managers at Triumph know that ignoring any of the four functions can result in t he failure of the company. Without using the planning stage first to make sure that all objectives are met and then organizing the plan and leading or motivating the team will result in not obtaining the objective or goal of the company.Managers at Triumph know that the final stage of creating an effective and productive team, one must control the budget, departments and cost efficiency of the work implemented to achieve the objectives. agree to Barnes (2008), if one can master the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and coordinating of resources, their opportunities are endless

Architectural Branding Essay

The 4Ps have been extended to 7Ps namely Price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence and Process. Architectural branding is an important cistron of Physical Evidence very strongly prevailing in International Brands e. g. Calvin Klein, Nike town, D&G, Prada etc. With the ever-changing Indian Market scenario and customer awareness Indian Brands have now realised to incorporate the cultivation of Architectural Branding as an important brand element. Possibly Brands like Colour Plus, Wills Lifestyle, Sepia in any case are trying to incorporate the excogitation of Architectural Banding.Therefore through an exploratory research on the related topics of branding it was felt that architectural branding will help us in the eagle-eyed run in the industry and would widen our horizon of knowledge. Down the line I felt that this concept would be taught to us in our course curriculum of Fashion Management. Through this topic of Architectural Branding we would get to learn about basics of Architecture, Interior Design and Design Space and relating these subjects to the Market seek and Consumer Behaviour. Information Needed ? Introduction to Architectural Branding Concepts of Architecture Material Types of Structure ? Architecture in Retail Exteriors Interior Design Store Layout, Design &

Bd Railway

Organization behavior of Bangladesh railroad track In Social Issues Organization Behavior of Bangladesh railroad track An Assignment ON Organization behavior Submitted To Dr. Syeda Lasna Kabir Associate Professor Dept. of Public Administration University of Dhaka. Submitted By Md. Rajvi Hasan Roll No MM098 4th Year 7th Semester Dept. of Public Administration University of Dhaka. Submission fancy 16th May 2011. Assignment topic A Research on Bangladesh Railway pic ? Introduction roads & Railways theatrical role is matchless of the authorized Divisions in the giving medication under the Minis decide of Communication.Ministry of Communication comprises cardinal Divisions, 1. roadstead & Railways Division and 2. Bridges Division. Roads & Railways Division shoulders a vast task and plays a vital role in socio-economic development of our country. It governs the Departments/Organizations which argon playing real important roles in building our new state. These are (1) Roads & H ighways Department (RHD), (2) Bangladesh Railway, (3) Bangladesh Road Transport leave (BRTA), (4) Bangladesh Road Transport corporation (BRTC), (5) Dhaka Transport Co-ordination age and (6) The office of the Government Inspector of Bangladesh Railways (GIBR).The principal motto of this Division is to ensure improvement of socio-economic condition of the stack of our country through formulating policies regarding roads, road transports and railroad lines and through construction, development, expansion and maintenance of purlieu-friendly and user-friendly integrated roads and railway transportation. Bangladesh Railway (BR) is the state-owned rail transport agency of Bangladesh. It operates and maintains the entire railway mesh topology of the country.Railway operation in todays Bangladesh began on November 15, 1862 when 53. 11 kilometers of 5ft6in(1,676mm) ( ample venture) line were opened for traffic between Darsana and Jagiti. The neighboring 14. 98 kilometers 1,000mm(3ft33 ? 8in) (meter gauge) line was opened for traffic on 4 January 1885. In 1891, the construction of then Bengal Assam Railway was blastn up by the British Government assistance barely that was deepr on taken over by the Bengal Assam Railway Company.On 1 July 1895, deuce sections of meter gauge lines were opened between Chittagong and Comilla, a distance of 149. 89 kilometers and between Laksam and Cahndpur, a duration of 50. 89 kilometers. Railway Companies formed in England took up the construction and operation of these sections in middle and late 19th century. At time of the partition of India in 1947, Bengal-Assam Railway was split up and the portion of the body, about(predicate) 2,603. 92 kilometers fell within the boundary of then East Pakistan and run across remained with the central Government of Pakistan.Later with the cause from 1 February 1961, Eastern Bengal Railway was renamed as Pakistan Eastern Railway. Then in 1962, the controller of Pakistan Eastern Railway was transferred from the Central Government to the Government of East Pakistan and placed under the management of a Railway plank with the effect from the financial year 1962-63 by the presidential Order of 9 June 1962. As of 2005, the total length of railroad is 2,855 kilo amounts.Of that, 660km are broad gauge tracks (mostly in the western region), 1,830km are metre gauge tracks (mostly in the central and eastern regions) and 365km are dual gauge tracks The gauge occupation is being tackled by adding third rails to the most important broad and metre gauge routes, so that they become dual gauge. A major road-rail bridge at Jamuna opened in 1998 to connect the previously detached east and west rail networks. On March 2008, the broad gauge reached Dhaka, the national capital. mount is being sought to upgrade the network and transform Bangladesh Railway into a profitable business.BR exceeded its target receipts earnings in the fiscal year 2007-2008. Bangladesh Railway provides variou s types of services ranging from shuttle service for university students to onus and cargo service. But still BR could not make profit as it is providing services to the nation at a subsidised rate in order to help the countrys economy and for the ease of people. plan The objectives of this study are 1) To understand & evaluate the departmentalization of the BR. 2) To know the Spam of Control system of this organization. 3) To analyze the pertinence of the theory of bank line Specialization in this selected organization.Rationale of the study We earn to overview the subjective coordinating mechanism, internal surround & the technology, age and the size of the organization. Because without knowing these features we pilet evaluate an organizations hierarchy, efficiency, working environment in true sense. Research Question The questions which will lead us to the look for 1. How does the span of control will work in BR? 2. What is the departmentalization of BR? 3. How job speci alization is occurred? Hypothesis On which the research are ground on 1. If it is a bureaucratic structure then the job specialization, departmentalization will be strict. . If it is a matrix structure, then job specialization, departmentalization will be much flexible than the previous one Research Methodology 1. Content Analysis which is most common method for every last(predicate) types of research. The connect books, publications, newspapers, internet sources etc have given information about the total scenario of the organization. 2. I have interviewed few officials to understand the note of that org. Area of focus The sweep we are focusing on Bangladesh Railway Head Office, Top khana, Dhaka. And, Bangladesh Railway Administrative Building,Kamlapur, Dhaka. Limitations of the study 1. I had very little time to complete this study. 2. I did not have enough experience to do such studies. 3. As the data are collected from key informants at their working hours, there is chanc e of not receiving exact accurate information 4. I faced non cooperation from rough of the employees. Chapterization 1. Introduction The railway department is a semi-autonomous organization under the The Ministry of Communications. This study intends to find out the internal coordinating mechanism, how does it cope with the external environment.The whole system of communication, tasks, coordinating mechanism prevails around organizational structure. Job specialization & departmentalization are the two vital features of organization. And these two are hugely depended on that. If it follows a bureaucratic structure, then the job specialization & departmentalization will be as rigid as the bureaucracy. And if it follows a matrix structure, then it will be more open to the environment. 2. Theoretical Framework In this study, we will try to define these with the following theories Job SpecializationThe method of job specialization involves breaking down a task to its lowest level and d esigning jobs around each part. This creates specialization, expertise, and improved quality. Job specialization design in the workplace is frequently seen in manufacturing and assembly lines where a worker focuses on one peculiar(prenominal) task and ability during the entire work shift. The task frequently repeats all day long. Specialization is the make of performing a certain task which makes a person be in limited in performing early(a) activities out of work she/he is specializes purposely.Job descriptions are written statements that describe the duties, responsibilities, most important contributions and outcomes needed from a position, required qualifications of taildidates, and Reporting relationship and coworkers of a particular job. Job descriptions are based on objective information obtained through job analysis, an understanding of the competencies and skills required to accomplish needed tasks, and the call for of the organization to produce work. Job descript ions clearly identify and spell out the responsibilities of a specific job.Job descriptions in like manner include information about working conditions, tools, equipment used, knowledge and skills needed, and relationships with other positions. The best job descriptions are living, live documents that are updated as responsibilities castrate. The best job descriptions do not limit employees, but rather, cause them to thin their experience, grow their skills, and develop their ability to contribute within their organization. Departmentalization Departmentalization refers to the do by of grouping activities into departments.Division of labor creates specialists who need coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specialists together in departments. The main types of departmentalization are- Functional departmentalization group activities by functions performed. Activities john be assort jibe to function (work being done) to pursue economies of scale by placi ng employees with shared skills and knowledge into departments for example adult male resources, IT, accounting, manufacturing, logistics, and engineering.Functional departmentalization can be used in all types of organizations. Product departmentalization Grouping activities by ware line. Tasks can also be grouped according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the product or the service under one manager. Each major product area in the corporation is under the authority of a senior manager who is specialist in, and is responsible for, everything related to the product line. LA Gear is an example of play along that uses product departmentalization. Its structure s based on its varied product lines which include womens footwear, childrens footwear and mens footwear. Customer departmentalization Grouping activities on the basis of common customers or types of customers. Jobs may be grouped according to the type of customer served by the orga nization. The assumption is that customers in each department have a common set of problems and of necessity that can best be met by specialists. The sales activities in an office supply firm can be broken down into three departments that serve retail, wholesale and government accounts. Geographic departmentalization Grouping activities on the basis of territory. If an organizations customers are geographically dispersed, it can group jobs based on geography. For example, the organization structure of Coca-Cola has reflected the companys operation in two broad geographic areas the North American sector and the military man-wide sector, which includes the Pacific Rim, the European Community, Northeast Europe, Africa and Latin America groups. Process departmentalization Grouping activities on the basis of product or service or customer flow.Because each process requires different skills, process departmentalization allows homogenous activities to be categorized. For example, the applicants might need to go through several departments namely validation, licensing and treasury, before receiving the drivers license. cover of control The span of control refers to way out of employees that directly report to a single manager. thwart of control determines the structure of an organization, a narrow span of control results in hierarchal organization while broad span of control leads to flat structure.Since management represents the activities that do not directly result in productivity, they are rather a overhead, span of control determines the additional operational cost. Quantitatively,companywide overhead can be figure by dividing the total moment of management staff with the size of organization. Span of control formulation What is an optimal ratio of manger to direct reports without compromising the productivity? It is a fundamental problem in designing the structure of an organization empirically this range is pretty wide, from 4 to 22 depending upon t he nature of work.In 1933, V. A. Graicunas, a capital of France based consultant formulated the span of control based on number of direct and mediate relationships that a superior has to manage. Graicunas identified three types of relationships 1. turning of direct relationships between manager and subordinate, it represents the span of control. 2. Number of peer-to-peer relationships, it represent issues due to interpersonal conflicts. Note that each pair of peers represent 2 relationships and not 1, if there are two subordinates, dick and jane, dick might have different fix for jane than janes concern for dick.Hence for a manger, they represent 2 different set of problems and not one. 3. Data analysis data unveiling Bangladesh Railway is one of the most efficient large departments of GOB. Since the Department was founded the size of the major rail network in Bangladesh has grown. The Department is headed by a Director General who is supported by a number of officers. The to tal number of personnel in the Department is almost 35,000. Its a huge number for any organization. To control this kind of large organizations, one needs to have very strong Span of control or line of authority. BR has that. pic After independence, the railway was first supervised by a Railway Board which was abolished in 1982. Thereafter, the BR came under the jurisdiction of the Railway Division of the Ministry of Communications with the depositary of the Division working as the Director General of BR. In 1995, instead of being the part of the Ministry, BR came under control of a professional Director General supervised by the Bangladesh Railway Authority that is chaired by the Minister of Communications. As the part of the Bureaucracy, BRfollows the BURREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE, which refers to the Tall Organization.According to the concept it is appropriate for Bureaucratic Organizations. But, it causes some disadvantages too. DEPARTMENTALIZATION can be described as grouping employ ees on the basis of the similarity of expertise, knowledge. It enhances the success rate of an organization. As BR is a huge organization, its divided into several departments on the basis of the similar functions. BR is divided into two zones, East West, each under control of a general manager who is accountable to the Director General of Bangladesh Railway. The two zones have their separate departments or operation, maintenance, and finances. Each zone is divided into two divisions that contain departments for Personnel, Transportation, Commercial, Finance Mechanical, Way and Works Signaling Telecommunication, Electrical, Medical, etc. Each zone also has its shop Divisions, located at Pahartali and Saidpur, respectively. A locomotive workshop is located at Parbatipur for broad and metre gauge locomotives. BR manages its own Railway Training Academy. A separate Directorate under the Ministry of Communications is charged to inspect different works of BR in relation to safety.Job Specialization is the process of performing a certain task which makes a person be in limited in performing other activities out of work she/he is specializes purposely. It enables employees to become very skilled productive at their assigned task. other motive of departmentalization is to ensure job specialization. It is usually seen that every department of an organization is assigned to those functions or tasks at which they are expert. The downside of job specialization tends to be that people can only do one task. They arent trained to multitask or handle multiple areas of a workplace.As a result, when a critical expertise is lost, the process can suffer. Additionally, workers under job specialization dont have a wide set about of applicable skills, so it becomes hard for them to adapt to a new function or need in the organization. It creates monopoly this means after specialization certain field of work may lead into boredom to the worker. efficacious administration of BR is also hindered by lack of rules and regulations that have been approved by the Board but are awaiting Government approval as well. Which creates delay to the recruitment process. ConclusionRemoving the old shield, the whole world is intending to get more modernized. But still we are following the hundreds years old Bureaucracy system which has caused nothing but losses. Being a Bureaucratic organization or part BR is no different. They are still following the traditional bureaucratic model with no flexibility. Everything in the organization prevails according to the law regulation. Job specialization or departmentalization is fixed. They cant work out of it, even in an emergency. There is little chance for the subordinates to present their ideas or opinions by crossing seniors.They maintain a very strict line of authority, where managers have the supreme authority. This may be the traditional bureaucratic role. But it has to change according to the needs of this millennium. As li ke the private organizations RHD officials should be given more freedom, authorization to take faster decision. Only then the organizational goal of customer satisfaction can be achieved. citation 1. http//www. railway. gov. bd 2. Class lectures 3. Railway Information book 4. Mr. Ahsanullah Bhuiyan, Deputy Director, Bangladesh Railway. 5. Mr. Sarwar Alam, Asstt. Commercial Officer, Bangladesh Railway. pic