Park internet gambling Essay

Chapter IV Sub problem 1: What is the main reason of IT students to enter gambling through the use of computer games? Reasons| Male(n= 58)| %| Female(n=42)| %| Totaln=100| %| Rank| Lack of Money| 15| 26%| 13| 31%| 28| 28%| 8| To forget love problems| 14| 24%| 10| 24%| 24| 24%| 10| For Enjoyment| 43| 74%| 33| 79%| 76| 76%| 2| To earn extra income| 14| 24%| 9| 21%| 23| 23%| 11| Addiction in Playing| 33| 57%| 25| 60%| 58| 58%| 3| Lack of love from family| 1| .98%| 7| 17%| 8| 8%| 12| Peer Pressure| 23| 40%| 14| 33%| 37| 37%| 7| Past Time| 49| 85%| 38| 90%| 87| 87%| 1| To avoid boredom| 29| 50%| 14| 33%| 43| 43%| 5| To Socialize & meet new friends| 16| 28%| 11| 26%| 27| 27%| 9| Hobby| 28| 48%| 23| 55%| 51| 51%| 4| Stress Reliever| 23| 40%| 16| 38%| 39| 39%| 6| Out of 42 female respondents, majority of them says that they are playing computer games and entering gambling for past time and the least reason that they have chosen is also the same as the male respondents answered, lack of love from family maybe because it’s not a big deal for them to handle family issues. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Rank 1= Past Time Rank 10= To Forget Love Problems Rank 2= Enjoyment Rank 11= to earn extra income Rank 3= Addiction in Playing Rank 12= Lack of love from Family Rank 4= Hobby Rank 5= to avoid Boredom Rank 6= Stress Reliever Rank 7= Peer Pressure Rank 8= Lack of Money Rank 9= To Socialize SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The purpose of this study is to know the reasons of the I.T Students why their used to gamble using computer games. We conducted a survey to know their reasons. We gathered some information to our classmates who used to gamble using computer games. The questionnaire was spread in all I.T Students of Institute Technology. We made 100 copies of questionnaire for us to evaluate their own reasons. We also gave them 15 questions to choose 5 main of their reasons to enter this kind of gamble. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.thedti.gov.za/news2011/Appendix.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Gambling_Impact_Study_Commission_Act POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Polytechnic University of the Philippines Institute of Technology Sta. Mesa Manila Dear IT Students: This survey was conducted to determine the Reason of IT students to enter the gambling through the use of Computer Games. Truly yours, Students of ICMT Name: __________________________________ Course:______________________ School: _______________________________________________________________________ Topic: Reasons of the IT Students to enter gambling through the use of Computer Games. Directions: Choose 5 specific problems why IT Students enter gambling through the use of computer games. ( ) Because Lack of Money ( ) To forget Love Problems ( ) For Enjoyment ( ) To earn extra income ( ) Addiction in Playing ( ) Lack of love from Family ( ) Peer Pressure ( ) Past Time ( ) To avoid boredom ( ) To Socialize & meet new friends ( ) Hobby ( ) Stress Reliever Hypothesis There are differences on the respondents of the I.T Students in Institute of Technology between their answers in the survey that we provided. In reasons of the I.T Students to enter gambling through the use of the computer games (Lack of Money), (To forget love problems), (For Enjoyment) (To earn extra income), (Addiction in playing), (Lack of love from family), (Peer Pressure) (Past time), (To avoid boredom), (To Socialize and meet new friends), (Hobby) and (Stress Reliever). Scope and Limitation of the student This study covered the reasons of the I.T Students to enter gambling through the use of Computer Games. There are weaknesses and limitations associated with the study. Steps to improve the reliability of self-report include the assurance of anonymity. Although the participants were encouraged to answer honestly and reminded that their responses would be anonymous, they may not have been entirely honest in their self- reported gambling behaviors and may have intentionally or unintentionally given false information about the variables under study. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES This study sought the reasons of the I.T Students to enter the gambling through the use of computer games. Specifically, this research determined each reason of the students. IT students would benefit from this research because they can manage more efficiently and reduced the time that they wasting for the computer games. A lack of exposure may also mean the I.T students are less aware of the Potential risks associated with gambling. A lack of experience is also likely to mean the students are less familiar with strategies for self†regulating gambling such as taking a set amount of money to venues and mixing gambling with other forms of entertainment. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Out of 58 male respondents, majority of them says that they are playing computer games and entering gambling for past time and the least reason that they have chosen is lack of love from family maybe because it’s not a big deal for them to handle family issues. Out of 42 female respondents, majority of them says that they are playing computer games and entering gambling for past time and the least reason that they have chosen is also the same as the male respondents answered, lack of love from family maybe because it’s not a big deal for them to handle family issues. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Foreign Studies Mark D Griffiths and Jonathan Park Internet gambling is a relatively under-researched area. While our current knowledge remains in its infancy and the prevalence rates are relatively low, researchers and cliniciansare predicting greater involvement among youth. A comprehensive search of the relevant literature was undertaken. The resulting relevant literature was classified into four areas. These were (a) the empirical studies on adolescent internet gambling, (b) online gambling-like experiences in adolescence, (c) adolescent gambling via social networking sites, and (d) adolescent gambling via online penny auction sites. Age verification in relation to prevention and regulation is also examined. It is concluded that young people appear to be very proficient in using and accessing new media and are likely to be increasingly exposed to remote gambling opportunities. These young people will therefore require education and guidance to enable them to cope with the challenges of convenience gambling in all its guises. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Local Studies The National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act of 1996 (Public, 110 Stat. 1482, enacted August 3, 1996) is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President of the United States Bill Clinton. This legislation established the National Gambling Impact Study Commission in 1997 to conduct a comprehensive legal and factual study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States on: (1) Federal, State, local, and Native American tribal governments; and (2) communities and social institutions generally, including individuals, families, and businesses within such communities and institutions. Mandates a report to the President, the Congress, State Governors, and Native American tribal governments. Requires the Commission to contract with the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and the United States National Research Council for assistance with the study. Authorizes appropriations. Specifically the commission was to look at the following: 1. existing policies and practices concerning the legalization of prohibition of gambling 2. the relationship between gambling and crime 3. the nature and impact of pathological and problem gambling 4. the impacts of gambling on individuals, communities, and the economy, including depressed economic areas 5. the extent to which gambling revenue had benefited various governments and whether alternative revenue sources existed 6. the effects of technology, including the Internet on gambling The study lasted two years, and in 1999 the commission released it final report. There was a separate section on Indian gaming provided.[2] POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Statement of the problem Moreover, there has been little research documenting whether general gaming education has any effect on students’ gambling attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions. Hence, there remains a void for studies related to these factors. College administrators and student affairs professionals have been criticized for the lack of attention and recognition of the gambling issue on campuses. A study by Shaffer, et al (2005) revealed that although gambling is commonplace on college campuses, only 22 percent of 119 schools studied had adopted any type of gambling policy.

La Leche League International: Promoting Awareness for Breastfeeding

La Leche League For decades there has been a debate over whether or not women should be allowed to breast feed their infants in public. Breastfeeding is a significant activity in early development. Human breast milk contains essential nutrients and calories that are vital to the growth and health of children during the earliest stages of life. There are many organizations that have been formed to promote the awareness and necessity for breastfeeding. The most popular organization is the La Leche League International (LLLI).The La Leche League offers the women of the Valley the opportunity to join an international women’s organization and to better gain valuable insight on the history of breastfeeding and benefits that breastfeeding provides to both the mother and her infant. The La Leche League International is a non-profit organization that was founded by seven mothers (Mary White, Edwina Hearn Froehlich, Mary Ann Cahill, Betty Wagner Spandikow, Viola Brennan Lennon, Mary Ann Kerwin, and Marian Leonard Tompson) in the United States in 1956.The founders of the La Leche League hoped to help other mothers who wanted to breastfeed their children but found it difficult. The La Leche League offers information and encouragement (mainly through personal help and experience) to all mothers who want to breastfeed their babies. The La Leche League encourages breastfeeding from birth onwards with no upper age limit for the child. The idea for naming the ‘La Leche League' came from a statue in St. Augustine, Florida honoring â€Å"Nuestra Senora de la Leche y Buen Parto† which means â€Å"Our Lady of Milk and Good Childbirth†.When the La Leche League was found, the words â€Å"breastfeeding† and â€Å"pregnant† weren't readily accepted in society, so the Spanish word â€Å"La Leche† (which stands for â€Å"the milk†) was used as to not offend anyone in the society. In 2010, the League published the book The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding which â€Å"is the most complete resource available for the breastfeeding mother. The book became a National Best-seller†. The La Leche League is active in 65 countries and territories; it reaches more than 300,000 mothers monthly through a network of over 7,000 accredited leaders (â€Å"Brief†).The La Leche League was founded to give information and encouragement, mainly through personal help, to all mothers who want to breastfeed their babies. While complementing the care of the physician and other health care professionals, it recognizes the unique importance of one mother helping another to perceive the needs of her child and to learn the best means of fulfilling those needs. It helps mothers who want to breastfeed through mother-to-mother support, encouragement, information and education, and to promote a better understanding of breastfeeding as an important element in the healthy development of the baby and the mother (â€Å"LLLP†).The La Leche League believes that breastfeeding is best thing to do for the baby and the mother. It offers a unique bonding experience that fosters a nurturing relationship between mother-to-child. The La Leche League also believes that breastfeeding can deepen a mother's understanding of the responsibilities and rewards of her new role in the family. To be a member of the La Leche League it cost an annual fee of $25. Members are granted access to an international e-newsletter, a discount in their online store and special offers via email.The La Leche League believes mothers who are members of LLLI breastfeed longer because they have the information, education, support, and encouragement they need to enjoy the experience. Supporting Membership in LLLI is a real bargain when you consider the costs of not breastfeeding! The best way is to join is through a local group, so that funds will be available in your vicinity to help mothers and babies locally but members may opt to join online (â⠂¬Å"Benefits of LLL†). The closest center to our area is in McAllen, Texas.The McAllen group meets every third Tuesday of the month. All breastfeeding mothers and mothers-to-be interested in breastfeeding are welcome to attend any meeting or call one of the Leaders for breastfeeding help or information. Babies are always welcome at the meetings as well. La Leche League Leaders are experienced mothers who have breastfed their own babies and who have been trained and accredited by La Leche League International to help mothers and mothers-to-be with all aspects of breastfeeding.They are available by phone whenever you have breastfeeding questions or concerns. Interested candidates for membership can join LLLI locally in 65 different countries and territories or online virtually anywhere. Although the La Leche League is a non-profit organization, in 2009-2010 it received â€Å"$594,083 from membership dues, $485,035 from Publications, $382,680 from Contributions, $327,044 Royalty Income, $34,522 from Periodicals, $7,760 from Miscellaneous, $5,279 from Interest Income, and $650 from Workshop and seminar fees† (â€Å"LLLIO†).The most commonly issue with mothers breastfeeding is if it is acceptable public acceptance. While there are no recorded laws in the US forbidding breastfeeding outside of the home and only three states in which laws place any limitation on the way in which public breastfeeding may be done, it is often frowned upon by the public. A woman who breastfeeds in a privately owned place open to the public, such as a restaurant or shopping mall, might lawfully be asked to leave, either by the owner or in accordance with the owner’s instructions.State laws that protect public breastfeeding fall into three categories. Currently, the strongest state laws are those that both protect a woman's right to breastfeed anywhere she or her child have a right to be, regardless of whether the breast is showing, and that also give the woman the power to bring a legal action against anyone who interferes with her breastfeeding. Other state laws establish a woman's right to breastfeed in public, but don't provide a way for her to enforce this right.The third category specifies that the act of breastfeeding is not indecent exposure (sometimes given other names, but always referring to the exposure of body parts), and prevent a woman from being charged with a sex crime for breastfeeding. Most of the states in the United States do protected nursing but there are three states that have no law protecting nursing, which include West Virginia, Nebraska, and Idaho. As for the state of Texas there is a law that protects nursing in public but without an enforcement provision (â€Å"Public†).Aside from knowing the laws about breastfeeding in public, people need to educate themselves on the benefits of breastfeeding to the infant and the mother. â€Å"Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to ensure a baby’s health and development. It’s a convenient, cost-effective, natural way to feed your baby† (â€Å"Breastfeeding†). Breast milk has been found to provide the ideal balance of nutrients for optimal growth and development, and it is easily digestible by the baby.This is because the breast produces colostrum, which is thick, yellowish fluid that helps a newborn’s digestive system develop and function properly. Nursing can also prevent many common childhood illnesses as breast milk contains antibodies that pass from the mother to the baby for protection. This is called natural immunity, and studies have shown a decrease in both hospitalizations and pediatrician visits in babes that were breastfed by their mothers. Some of the common aliments that are decreased include bacterial meningitis, iarrhea, ear infections, and respiratory tract infections. Other, more server condition, such as sudden infant death syndrome and childhood leukemia, have been confirmed by research to have a reduced risk of development in babies who have been breastfeed (â€Å"Breastfeeding†). For premature infants, human milk significantly shortens that duration of their hospital stay, hastens brainstem maturation, and reduces the risk of life-threating diseases. A mother’s breast milk is unique in both its composition and function, and cannot currently be reproduced by other manmade substance.Even though there are a multitude of benefits for the baby, there are also many for the mother as well. Breastfeeding helps the uterus return back to its normal size and reduces post delivery bleeding after by releasing a hormone called Oxytocin. It also burns up to five hundred calories per day, which helps the mother shed the pounds gained during pregnancy in a natural way, and breastfeeding may reduce the rick of developing postpartum depression. Breastfeeding exclusively can delay the return of the menstrual cycle for twenty to thirty weeks.Not only does this help the mot her recover quickly after leaving the hospital, but also it is 98% effective in preventing pregnancy. However, birth control is still suggested for preventative measures, and has not been found to have any adverse affect on the baby while breastfeeding. The most important benefit, however, is the bond developed between the baby and mother while breastfeeding, which helps to enhance emotional attachment between the two (â€Å"Benefits of â€Å"Breastfeeding†).The individual that I interviewed said that breastfeeding made her â€Å"fell closer to her baby and prideful that she could provide for her child† (Milligan). This physical contact also helps the baby to feel more secure and warm in their environment, and eases the transition out the womb. While breastfeeding, a baby gets skin-to-skin contact, ensuring a closer bond to their mother and helping the baby to feel more satisfied emotionally. Another great reason is that mothers can save thousands of dollars on hospit al visits and formal.Mothers can spend up to $500 each month for formula and up to $1500 for doctor visits, prescriptions, and hospital stays in the first year (â€Å"Benefits of LLL†) Since breastfeeding also results in a reduction in an infants illness, the mother will be able to take fewer sick days off from work. Although breastfeeding may seem scary or foreign, it is actually a very natural process to the body that will, with time, become both comfortable and natural for the mother.After weighing the multitude of benefits for the baby, society, and, the mother herself, breastfeeding is the best choice when it comes to feeding and caring for a baby in the most optimal way. That is why I believe mothers should to join the La Leche League to help promote breastfeeding in our community. Work Site â€Å"Benefits of Breastfeeding. † Natural Resources Defense Council. Natural Resources Defense Council. March 25, 2007. Web. April 2, 2012 â€Å"The Benefits of LLL Support ing Members. † La Leche League. La Leche League. June 6, 2011. Web.April 9, 2012 â€Å"A Brief History of La Leche League International. † La Leche League. La Leche League. October 14, 2007. Web. April 2, 2012 â€Å"Breastfeeding. † Healthy Women. Healthy Women. January 9, 2012. Web. April 10, 2012 â€Å"La Leche League International Operations. † La Lecha League. La Leache League. December 15, 2011. Web. April 9, 2012 â€Å"La Leche League Purpose. † La Leche League. La Leche League. October 14, 2007. Web. April 8, 2012 â€Å"Milligan, Alisha. † Personal Interview. April 8, 2012 â€Å"Public Breastfeeding Laws. † Mothering. Mothering. n. d . Web. April 10, 2012

how Far Do You Sympathize With Heathcliff?

Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Jane Bronte a year before her death. It is a love story between a poor, savage, gipsy called Heathcliff and a wealthy respectable woman called Catherine Earnshaw, set on the Yorkshire moors. Hindley, who is cruel, jealous and power-seeking, is the master of the Heights after Mr Earnshaw dies. He treats Heathcliff like a slave. As Cathy and Heathcliff grow up together their friendship develops into a passionate relationship. However Cathy betrays Heathcliff by marrying Edgar Linton from a neighbouring house named Thrushcross Grange, which is a very large house whose owners, the Linton's, are very wealthy. In spite Heathcliff marries Isabella Linton, to gain money and respectability. The second volume of the novel is the sons and daughters of the first generation almost repeating history, and it ends in Master Heathcliff owning both houses. Heathcliff entered the story as he was brought to Wuthering Heights by old Mr Earnshaw. He was a starving orphan from the streets of Liverpool. Bronte portrays him as a mysterious character, very cold, stubborn, heroic and extremely emotional. When he arrived Heathcliff was referred to as â€Å"the gipsy brat,† and â€Å"it†, by Hindley and Nelly Dean, the housekeeper. This made Heathcliff very angry, which is understandable. Old Mr Earnshaw's fondness for Heathcliff fuelled the jealousy of his son, Hindley, and the compassion of his daughter, Cathy. Hindley treated Heathcliff very badly, almost like a slave and inferior. â€Å"Heathcliff you may come forward' cried Hindley.† He added: â€Å"You may come and wish Miss Catherine welcome, like the other servants.† Heathcliff was denied education. This made Heathcliff extremely rebellious and because he and Cathy had become good friends they used to escape from the Heights and enjoy freedom on the moors. This gave Heathcliff a respite from his mental torture at Wuthering Heights. One night out on the moors Heathcliff and Cathy visited Thrushcross Grange. Seeing Edgar Linton and Isabella Linton fighting, Heathcliff and Cathy were seen and thinking they were robbers, Edgar set the dog on them. Cathy was very badly hurt and had to stay at the Grange for some time. With Cathy gone, Heathcliff had lost his only friend, and his life became one of total slavery and misery at the hands of Hindley. He realised how much his friendship with Cathy meant to him. When Cathy came back from the Grange, recovered, she was clean, well dressed and turned into a proper lady â€Å"with fine clothes and flattery.† When she met Heathcliff again she was extremely happy and Heathcliff was glad that things were back to normal again, â€Å"Cathy, catching a glimpse of her friend in his concealment, flew to embrace him; she bestowed seven or eight kisses on his cheek within the second.† But when Cathy stopped, and burst into a laugh because he was very dirty Heathcliff was very insulted and confused by the change in Cathy. Cathy's return created a huge surge of confidence in the new master of Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff was patronised at every opportunity, â€Å"make haste Heathcliff, the Kitchen is so comfortable.† And when the Linton's are asked to dinner, Heathcliff tries to smarten himself up to please Cathy but is just humiliated. The final straw for Heathcliff is over hearing a conversation between Cathy and Nelly Dean. â€Å"It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff,† he heard Cathy say. He ran off and didn't return for three years, because he felt that everyone at the Heights and the Grange was against him. After this time Heathcliff comes back from being abroad and he has become richer and more civilised and his appearance has smartened up, only to find that Cathy has married Edgar Linton. However this wasn't a shock to Heathcliff because there were talks of this happening before Heathcliff went away, but he still blames Cathy for this betrayal later on in the novel. Heathcliff went to the Grange, where Cathy was now staying and asked to see her. When they met he â€Å"bestowed more kisses than ever he gave in his life before.† After five minutes of seeing Cathy, Heathcliff broke down and showed some soft emotion, for the first time in the novel; â€Å"Oh, Cathy! Oh, my life! How can I bear it?† I think that Heathcliff didn't want to go away if he felt this strongly about Cathy but he was forced to. The story continues with Heathcliff marrying Isabella Linton but treating her very badly as his true love is Cathy. Isabella realises this and knows their marriage is doomed: â€Å"She slipped the gold ring from her third finger, and threw it on the floor. ‘I'll smash it!' she continued, striking with childish spite. ‘And then I'll burn it!' And she took and dropped the misused article among the coals.† This results in a character change, because up until this point I have felt sympathy towards Heathcliff. From here on Heathcliff becomes darker, more cynical, and frustrated. Catherine Earnshaw died in child birth. Heathcliff was outside when Nelly Dean came out to tell him about Cathy. At first he tried to keep his cold, hard image but once he asked about how Cathy died he broke down into â€Å"a cry of humiliation.† â€Å"And – and did she ever mention me?† After asking this question and finding that Catherine didn't recognise anyone before her death, Heathcliff became very angry: â€Å"May she wake in torment!' he cried, with frightful vehemence.† â€Å"Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest, as long as I am living! You said I killed you – haunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers.† Heathcliff couldn't bear living without Cathy. Cathy was the only person that Heathcliff could really talk to, and he loved her immensely: â€Å"Be with me always – take any form – drive me mad! Only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you!† Heathcliff had lost his one true love. This left him angry and incredibly sad which explains why he wanted Cathy to haunt him and never rest. Some could see this as a sign of madness but I feel sympathy for Heathcliff because Cathy was is only friend and true love but she has died without Heathcliff fulfilling his true feelings for Cathy. After Cathy's death Heathcliff becomes very cold, hard and vicious. He returned to the Heights to find that Hindley wanted to kill him. But the fight ended in Hindley's death. This led to the question did Heathcliff murder Hindley? After the fight Hindley drank a vast amount of alcohol, but I am not sure that a young man can drink himself to death in a night, so maybe there is a possibility that Heathcliff had something to do with the death of Hindley. This is very serious, and could a bad childhood be the cause or an excuse for this? Heathcliff has had an awful upbringing being patronised, treated as a slave and denied education. But what Heathcliff does in his latter life with the other generation of Linton's and Earnshaw's could be inexcusable: Isabella leaves him with a baby called little Linton. He is very weak and Heathcliff doesn't accept Linton because he isn't like him. Hareton grew up to be a savage, dirty boy just like Heathcliff when he was younger because like Hindley, Heathcliff denied education to Hareton. As old Edgar Linton was dying Heathcliff made young Cathy marry Linton by locking Cathy up in the Heights whilst her father was dying at the Grange. Heathcliff was doing this because he wanted Thrushcross Grange and all the wealth from the Linton family. Finally Cathy and Linton were married, Cathy was free to go to be with her father and shortly after they were married Linton died. Heathcliff wrote Linton's will and in it stated that Linton left the Grange to Heathcliff. During this whole episode Heathcliff was cruel to Hareton for two reasons: Hareton was very fond of Cathy but Cathy treated him like an inferior because he couldn't read or write, and because Hareton was the son of Hindley who had tormented Heathcliff from the day he set foot in Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff felt a lot of schadenfreude towards Hareton for this. It is clear that Heathcliff's personality changed after Cathy died but can his awful upbringing be to blame for his actions in his later life? We are told little by the author of his early childhood treatment before he came to Wuthering Heights. We can only expect that his life before was one of rough street living and neglect. In this case I do feel sympathy for Heathcliff because he wasn't accepted by his new found family and all the people who were nice to him died, namely old Mr Earnshaw and Cathy. Heathcliff has been denied happiness and true love and is in a state of desperation when he wants Cathy to haunt him because he will accept love at any cost and in any form. I can only feel sympathy for someone who has had a life long experience of bullying and exclusion: â€Å"He would stand Hindley's blows without winking or shedding a tear, and my pinches moved him only to draw in a breath, and open his eyes as if he had hurt himself by accident.† A quote from Nelly Dean who I think deep down sympathizes with Heathcliff because she was there when Heathcliff was getting brutally beaten by his master Hindley. When she was the narrator Nelly portrayed Heathcliff as the ‘ugly duckling.' She realised what his up-bringing had caused and passes her knowledge on to the reader. Isabella Linton feels the exact opposite towards sympathizing with Heathcliff. Isabella doesn't know what Heathcliff has been through and because she has been brought up by the Linton family who disliked Heathcliff. She is biased and thinks bad things about Heathcliff. Nelly Dean tries to portray an un-biased view on Heathcliff. She understands what he has been through but at times cant help hating Heathcliff and as readers because Nelly is the ‘neutral' character in the whole novel then Heathcliff can be felt sympathy for. Heathcliff's character is far too enigmatic to simplify. Bronte portrays Heathcliff as a violent person. He regularly beat his wife Isabella: â€Å"a white face scratched and bruised,† and he threw a kitchen knife at her head which struck beneath her ear. He beat young Cathy whilst she was trying to escape to visit her dying father and Nelly Dean in the same incident. He has no compassion and feelings for anyone in the novel except for his rescuer, Mr Earnshaw, and his true love, Cathy. It is easy to feel hatred for him at his treatment of: Hareton, little Linton, Isabella and Edgar, whom he taunted and humiliated openly. The greatest insight to Heathcliff's character is found early in the novel in chapter four where he blackmails Hindley into giving him Hindley's colt after his own went lame: â€Å"You must exchange horses with me; I don't like mine and if you won't I shall tell your father of the three thrashings you've given me this week, and show him my arm, which is black to the shoulder.† Heathcliff taunts Hindley further knowing he can manipulate his temper and the tussle ends with Hindley punching Heathcliff and shouting: â€Å"Take my colt, gipsy, then! And I pray that he may break your neck; take him and be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has.† And this is exactly the out come of the novel as Heathcliff orchestrates the inheritance of both houses. One through Hindley's debt, and the other through tricking little Linton in to altering his will. Maybe the reason for Hindley's mistreatment towards Heathcliff is because he saw the side that no-one else saw. The vindictive, manipulative, and the dark side of Heathcliff which he recognised while they were both still young boys. As I conclude my analysis of Heathcliff's character I find my sympathy does not lie with him, but I wonder what Heathcliff would turn out like if Mr Earnshaw would have lived longer and if Cathy had married him.

Business paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business paper review - Essay Example At this point, the reader may become confused with regards to the exact problem being addressed, which may extend to the solutions being recommended for the problem. The progress report provides solid evidence that the writer has made progress on the report. For example, there is evidence that he has researched on the problem being addressed by locating training reports that are relevant from the training command website and from Navy Education. In addition, there is evidence that the writer interviewed experts relevant to the research problem, such as senior supervisors, while information was also sought from the junior sailors. The writer has also observed a formal instructor teaching at the transport support center. The writer also identifies what remains to be done, which is the formulation of solutions to current problems in acquiring technical skills among junior sailors. He also identifies finding enough time to read reports and conduct research as an issue facing the research, although this is not expected to affect the completion of the project on time. Finally, the writer also comments on changes to his work-schedule since beginning the project, although these changes are not identified. Overall, it is my opinion that the writer does provide convincing evidence on how the project is going. Kevin begins by providing the purpose for the progress report. The audience for whom the problem is to be solved is identified in the report as pet owners living in Berkshire SoCo apartment complex, as well as property management, owners, and all the residents of the apartment. The issue they are facing is also identified as problems with pet waste and litter that is found around the apartment, which is exacerbated by the high number of pets in the facility. However, the solution to the problem is not addressed in the introduction, although this is not confusing as the problem is already well posited. There is some evidence of progress made in

Self reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self reflection - Coursework Example Although motivational theories were indicated not to be the only factors influencing employee productivity and quality of work, one believes that it is a crucial factor to develop and promote behavioral patterns that are consistent with the attainment of goals. Concurrently, to motivate people towards excellent performance is the primary task of leaders. To do that, the leader needs to understand and recognize what motivates people. The emergence of virtual teams, in On Line, Real Time tutorial, came as a necessary spin-off from interactions that ensue from electronic networks. Concurrently, the concepts of leadership have adapted competencies catering to global virtual teams. One learned that the theoretical framework for virtual encompasses permeable boundaries and interfaces, project teams evolving rapidly in its inception to dissolution as needs in the group members change, and people with diverse qualifications and skills are tapped across the spheres of space, culture and time. For the purpose of the tutorial, identification of the three most effective leadership qualities confirm its ability to reach a consensus and learn on leadership qualities, as required. 2. In writing an effective business report from a case study what are the main decisions you have to make? An effective business report from a case study must be discerning and objective in the treatment of facts of the case. As cited from Seperich, Woolverton, Beierlein and Hahn (1996) entitled Cases in Agribusiness Management, the main elements that must be contained in an effective business report are as follows: executive summary, problem statement, alternative courses of action, conclusion and implementation or plan of action (Seperich, et.al, 1996, pars. 19 – 23). In this regard, the writer of the report must make the following main decisions: â€Å"identify problems, determine corporate goals, define relevant alternatives, and develop plans to implement decisions†¦to defend the l ogic of your analysis and conclusions† (Seperich, et.al, 1996, last par.). 2 (b). Research the various layouts and designs for an effective Business or Management report and itemize and discuss the various sections you feel would be needed in an effective report? The layouts and designs of business or management reports depend upon the purposes of the report. For financial reports, for example, an effective layout should be simple, concise but comprehensive enough to accurately inform the users of the financial condition of the organization being evaluated. In this regard, the following financial reports are required to be prepared: Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement, Auditor's Report, and Graphs and Charts, as required. Most of these have been learned from the course modules. Other organizational and management report are presented in terms of corporate profiles or annual reports which are basically a combination of narrative and quantitative in nature and c ontains the elements: time, details, percentages, deviations or growth rate changes, as needed. Performance or Year in Review Reports must contain: Significant Events, Analysis / Significant Trends, Profile of Products and Services, New Patents/Research, and Stock Analysis (Bear, 2011). For senior managements’ perusal, the management report must always contain an executive summary. According to Kotler (1980), an executive summary is designed to â€Å"permit higher management to grasp quickly the major thrust of each plan and then read

The impact of user genated content and social media networks in Dissertation

The impact of user genated content and social media networks in consumer behaviour - Dissertation Example Hence, the primary research question of the current study is what is the impact of user generated content and social media networks in consumer behaviour? There are very few studies conducted on the subject, which makes the potential contribution of this study to the marketing communications literature valuable. In order to answer the aforementioned question, the researcher adopts a qualitative design, or more particularly, in-depth interviews. The sample size is small and respondents are chose purposively. The researcher takes into account not just the strong points of the qualitative research method but also its empirical, practical, theoretical and ethical limitations. Introduction The primary research question this study will attempt to answer is â€Å"What is the impact of user generated content and social media networks in consumer behaviour?† More specifically, this study will try to answer the following questions: a. Do consumers consult user generated content and soci al media if they are planning to buy something? b. Do consumers consult product-review websites, such as Epinions.com, on a regular basis? c. Do consumers participate in an online forum where in direct discussions about particular products or services are carried out? d. Do consumers post content about the products they bought or plan of buying, or interested in, in product-review websites? e. What are the purpose(s) of consumers in participating in user generated content and social media? f. Do user generated content and social media networks promote unregulated buying behaviour? This topic has been chosen by the researcher because of the fact that word-of-mouth communications entrenched in social media and user generated content are occupying an ever more major role in the preferences of consumers by assisting consumers in making decisions about technologically intricate products, rummage through a sudden increase in product-focused information, amass consumers’ experience and opinion, and perform it at an immensely reduced cost (Laughlin & MacDonald 2010). The emergent influence of user generated content and social media in consumer behaviour deserves scholarly attention so as to present further knowledge of a major enigma of marketing. Relation to Previous Research A number of studies, even though few, have been carried out to identify whether or not user generated content and social media influences customer behaviour and decisions, but their outcomes diverge. The study of Schlossberg (1992 as cited in Thorson & Moore 1996) reports that social media may be useful to consumers as a persuasive instrument in influencing behaviours and decisions and perhaps in building more encouraging social attitudes and actions; others report that affirmative thoughts about the social media do not automatically affect the preference and decisions of consumers. Basically, the limited number of empirical research and contradictory results make the effects of user gene rated content and social media difficult to quantify. Hence, an important mission is assigned for researchers to study the form of user generated content that are successful in influencing buying behaviour and decision of consumers. Brown and colleagues (2007 as cited in Laughlin & MacDonald 2010) report that contrary to conventional face-to-face social messages, consumers seem

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 - Term Paper Example airports, trying to avoid the irrational industry absorption that would eventually lead to increase in prices along with reduction in services, and encouraging the entry of airlines into newer markets thereby strengthening the services of the small air carriers as well. Several restrictions on airline operations were removed as part of the Act. Restrictions on domestic routes and new services were eliminated completely with complete end of the domestic fare regulation. These changes had been quite rapid in process (Airline Deregulation Legislation Act 1978, n.d.). The present study has considered learning on the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 discussion on the effects of regulation and deregulation and what is still being regulated in the industry. The deregulation of the airline industry had begun in the year 1979. Before that, the Civil Aeronautics Board had control over both the routes that airlines took off as well as the prices of the ticket that were charged, where the major goal of the Board was to serve the interest of the public. As the deregulation initiated, airlines that were nationally owned and could be considered as robust, prepared, and competent by the Department of Transportation (DOT) were allowed to fly on any domestic route. The principal regulatory responsibility of the DOT altered from supporting an airline’s operations for the interest of the public to making decisions whether an airline was operating in harmony with the standards of safety and other processes of operations (Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry, 2002, p.1). From the time when the deregulation started in 1979, the airline industry in U.S. has been obtained to have grown enormously. A growth of around 225 percent was experienced by the country over this period of time. On the other hand, Canada, where airline industry was deregulated later and encountered lesser competition than the United States, experienced a lesser growth rate of 80 percent. Thus, it

Business Regulation Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Regulation Simulation - Essay Example The simulation will be based on the Legal Environment of Business Simulation UOP. the aim of the paper is to identify and analyze the main facts, regulations, and legal issues which influence the company and its stakeholders. Also, the paper will cover risk analysis and ethical questions, and provide possible solutions to the problem exist. The aim of EPA rules is to promote better self-regulation of business. EPA rules and regulations have a great impact on decision-making process determining direction and strategies of future growth and development. EPA found that five years ago, Alumina violated environmental regulations and rules. According to commission results, PAH concentration was above the norm. Thus, Alumina asked for another test and received a good record of compliance. Except this case, the company strictly follows environmental rules and regulations. This adversarial mode of business-government relationships in the regulatory arena can be adapted to a more cooperative, less confrontational mode through positive interaction between compliance officials from the public and the private sectors. The central theme of interactive corporate compliance is the encouragement of effective compliance systems within each business so as to ensure that the purposes of public policy are reflected in the internal operatio ns of American businesses--not only through the threats of enforcement efforts for noncompliance, but also through the positive effects of recognition of the obligations to make corporate practices square with the requirements of public policy. Voluntary compliance can be made palatable, and even profitable, in an effective scheme of interactive compliance (Hildreth 2007; US. EPA 2006). The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is another important issue in simulation. Among most FOIA officers, the individuals who process the requests and authorize the disclosures, there is, in fact, a genuine respect for the FOIA. This act was signed by Even Lyndon Johnson in 1966. Following this Act, Alumina asked the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to disclose the information concerning their spill five years ago. No one, in or out of government, can deny the oppressive delays in agency response to FOIA requests, but this varies from agency to agency and is often due to the refusal of the executive branch to provide adequate funding and staffing for its FOIA sections. Indeed, there is considerable evidence that the career professionals overseeing the implementation of the FOIA in federal agencies have, for the most part, accepted the principle of the public's right to know (Richter, 2002). Another important factor covered by the study is the U.S Environmental Protection Agency Compliance Incentives and Auditing policy. The aim of this strategy is to identify all aspects of its production, storage, and transportation operations, analyzing its management systems, and other systems designed to avoid, prevent, or mitigate spills. More and more, individual citizens throughout the country are deciding to reward what they see as "good" businesses with patronage, support, and good will and to tell the dishonest or unethical corporations to shape up or lose their business. This is becoming particularly evident in the areas of the environment and public health. Kelly

IKEA in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

IKEA in China - Essay Example The corporations decide to enter into new country to capture the new market and in this process they primarily focus cross cultural factors for building multicultural teams. However, they have to face several difficulties due to mismatch of organisation culture and social culture (Rajagopal, 2007, p.8). This paper will attempt to analyse distinct features of cross cultural differences affecting international trade in context of IKEA’s business in China. To offer basic understandings and interpretations of cross cultural difference, some relevant models and concepts will be critically analysed and discussed. This paper will also include the basic difference of Swedish and Chinese cultures. Role of expatriate managers in managing multi-national corporations will also be discussed. Finally, the paper will end by summing up the entire discussions and findings. IKEA is a privately-owned global furniture company. It is a Sweden-based company and founded by Ingvar Kamprad who started to sell matches at the age of seven during 1920. During 1940-1950, he entered into the furniture business and the business experienced a rapid growth within a short span of time (IKEA-a, 2010). Currently, it offers large varieties of furniture for domestic and commercial purposes. It also provides furniture for children (IKEA-b, 2010). IKEA has expanded its business in the global market and it is present in the entire Europe, North America, Middle East and Asia pacific regions. The business idea of IKEA focuses on its core value, product range, low price and betterment of everyday life of its valuable consumers (IKEA-c, 2010). Business and culture are inter-related with other and hence, before presenting critical analysis of cross culture, expatriate management and multicultural operations. The national culture is the prime factor that affects the culture of an organisation and its behaviour.

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence - Essay Example The researcher states that to complete a one – year project, the team should plan systematically and strategically how to finish the assigned task. The members of the team must exert satisfactory effort to the project as they work as a team. However, in a group, the individual members tend to contribute less effort in a project. Given this, the focus of this essay shall mainly delve at creating a plan for positive influence that would increase the motivation, satisfaction, and performance among individual members of the team. In doing so, specifically, this essay aims at answering three points. First, it aims to identify the specific differences in attitudes, emotions, personalities, and values among the individual members of the team. Second, it targets to address how such identified differences influence behavior. Last, it intends to create a plan that would address such differences to influence positively the whole team. This plan created in the essay is of significance to the entire team because it can assist in effectively managing the team through identifying and addressing the particular differences. This will aid to build a high – performance project centered on the team’s motivation and productivity. Hierarchy and differences in role exist for the purpose of attaining a shared goal. Likewise, it is important for each member to realize his or her significance to the team. Teamwork is an important key for influencing positively the members of the team to perform their best.

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Interview - Assignment Example There are two types of breast cancer. One is ductal carcinoma and the other is lobular carcinoma. Ductal carcinoma is a cancer that occurs in the lining of the milk duct and is the most common type of breast cancer (National Cancer Institute, nd). This is the type of cancer that afflicted the respondent patient. Lobular carcinoma on the other hand is a breast cancer that begins in the milk glands or lobules of the breast. Breast cancer can be invasive and can spread to other areas surrounding the tissue from where it began. Breast cancer also afflict both men and women albeit it is more prevalent among women. The symptoms of breast cancer includes presence of a lump or thickening in the breast, swelling, dimpling, redness, soreness of skin, change in shape or appearance of the nipple and nipple discharge (American Cancer Society, 2010). In our respondent, the initial symptoms were a small lump in the left breast. A small discharge of blood from her nipples which could be observed from the marks in her bra. According to related literatures, genetics is a very small factor in the occurrence of breast cancer. It only composed of around 5 to 10% of all recorded cases (Wattendorf, 2012). What is more prevalent cause of breast cancer is risky lifestyle, lack of children to breastfeed, high levels of hormones and unhealthy eating habits including obesity. Of these causes, smoking tobacco has the highest risk. Long term tobacco smoking increases the risk of contracting breast cancer by as much as 35 to 50% (Miller et al., 2011). Lifestyle, could be the risk factor in the case of the respondent since she is a long-term smoker where tobacco smoking is part of her cultural background. Respondent: At first I just ignored the lumps in my breast because I did not feel any pain. Then one day, I felt pain in my left breast. It was not very painful it is tolerable. So I waited for the pain to just go away and hoped everything will be

The Islamic Wills Essay Example for Free

The Islamic Wills Essay This article is a very brief overview of the traditional Sunni Islamic law pertaining to the Islamic will. The aim of this article is to arouse awareness amongst Muslims particularly those living in the West regarding this important aspect of Islamic law. It should be stressed that when writing a will one should consult an Islamic scholar/legal expert to ensure that the will complies with Islamic law as well as the law of the country of residence. When a Muslim dies there are four duties which need to be performed. These are: 1.payment of funeral expenses 2.payment of his/her debts 3.execution his/her will 4.distribution of the remaining estate amongst the heirs according to Sharia The Islamic will is called al-wasiyya. a will is a transaction which comes into operation after the testator’s death. The will is executed after payment of funeral expenses and any outstanding debts. The one who makes a will (wasiyya) is called a testator (al-musi). the one on whose behalf a will is made is generally referred to as a legatee (al-musa lahu). Technically speaking the term testatee is perhaps a more accurate translation of al-musa lahu. The importance of the Islamic will The importance of the Islamic will (wasiyya) is clear from the following two hadith: It is the duty of a Muslim who has anything to bequest not to let two nights pass without writing a will about it. (Sahih al-Bukhari) A man may do good deeds for seventy years but if he acts unjustly when he leaves his last testament, the wickedness of his deed will be sealed upon him, and he will enter the Fire. If, (on the other hand), a man acts wickedly for seventy years but is just in his last will and testament, the goodness of his deed will be sealed upon him, and he will enter the Garden. (Ahmad and Ibn Majah) the will gives the testator an opportunity to help someone (e.g. a relative need such as an orphaned grandchild or a Christian widow) who is not entitled to inherit from him. The will can be used to clarify the nature of joint accounts, those living in commensality, appointment of guardian for one’s children and so on. In countries where the intestate succession law is different from Islamic law it becomes absolutely necessary to write a will. The Will (Al-wasiyya) The Islamic will includes both bequests and legacies, instructions and admonishments, and assignments of rights. no specific wording is necessary for making a will. In Islamic law the will (wasiyya) can be oral or written, and the intention of the testator must be clear that the wasiyya is to be executed after his death. any expression which signifies the intention of the testator is sufficient for the purpose of constituting a bequest. there should be two witnesses to the declaration of the wasiyya. A written wasiyya where there are no witnesses to an oral declaration is valid if it written in the known handwriting/signature of the testator according to Maliki and Hanbali fiqh. the wasiyya is executed after payment of debts and funeral expenses. the majority view is that debts to Allah (SWT) such as zakh, obligatory expiation etc. should be paid whether mentioned in the will or not. However, there is difference of opinion on this matter amongst the Muslim jurists. The Testator (Al-musi) every adult Muslim with reasoning ability has the legal capacity to make a will. An adult for this purpose is someone who has reached puberty. Evidence of puberty is menstruation in girls and night pollution (wet dreams) in boys. In the absence of evidence, puberty is presumed at the completion of the age of fifteen years. The Maliki and Hanbali fiqh also consider the will of a discerning (tamyiz) child as valid. Under English Law you must be at least 18 years of age to make a valid will (similarly in most of the United States of America) unless you are a military personnel in which case you may make a valid will at the age of 17. the testator must have the legal capacity to dispose of whatever he bequests in his will. When making a will the testator must be of sane mind, he must not be under any compulsion and he must understand the nature and effect of his testamentary act. The testator must of course own whatever he bequests. the testator has the right to revoke his will by a subsequent will, actually or by implication. In traditional Sunni Islamic law the power of the testator is limited in two ways: 1.firstly, he cannot bequest more than 1/3 of his net estate unless the other heirs consent to the bequest or there are no legal heirs at all or the only legal heir is the spouse who gets his/her legal share and the residue can be bequeathed. Narrated Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas (RA): I was stricken by an ailment that led me to the verge of death. The Prophet came to pay me a visit. I said, O Allahs Apostle! I have much property and no heir except my single daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my property in charity? He said, No. I said, Half of it? He said, No. I said, One-third of it? He said, You may do so, though one-third is also too much, for it is better for you to leave your offspring wealthy than to leave them poor, asking others for help (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahah Muslim, Muwatta, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah.) 1.secondly, the testator cannot make a bequest in favour of a legal heir under traditional Sunni Muslim law. However, some Islamic countries do allow a bequest in favour of a legal heir providing the bequest does not exceed the bequeathable one-third. Legal heir in this context is one who is a legal heir at the time of death of the testator. Narrated Abu Hurayrah (RA): Allah’s Prophet (SAWS) said, Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no bequest must be made to an heir. (Abu Dawud). Similar hadith narrated by Abu Umamah (RA) and reported by Ibn Majah, Ahmad and others. The Legatee (Al-musa lahu) generally speaking, for a bequest to be valid, a legatee must be in existence at the time of death of the testator except in the case of a general and continuing legatee such as the poor, orphans etc. the legatee must be capable of owning the bequest. any bequest made in favour of any legal heir already entitled to a share is invalid under traditional Sunni Muslim law unless consented to by other legal heirs. an acknowledgement of debt in favour of a legal heir is valid. acceptance or rejection of a bequest by the legatee is only relevant after the death of the testator and not before. generally speaking once a legatee has accepted or rejected a bequest he cannot change his mind subsequently. if the legatee dies without accepting or rejecting the bequest, the bequest becomes part of the legatee’s estate according to the Hanafi fiqh because non-rejection is regarded as acceptance. According to the other three main Sunni madhahib, the right to accept or reject the bequest passes onto the heirs of the legatee. there is difference of opinion as to the time at which ownership of a bequest is transferred from the testator (or his heirs) to the legatee. According to the Hanafi and Shafii fiqh the transfer of ownership is at the time of death of the testator, according to the Maliki and Hanbali fiqh the transfer of ownership is at the time of accepting the bequest. all the Sunni madhahib agree that if the legatee dies before the testator, the bequest is invalid since a bequest can only be accepted after the death of the testator. if there is uncertainty as to whether or not the legatee survived the testator, such as a missing legatee, the bequest is invalid because the legatee must be alive at the time of death of the testator for the will to be valid. if the testator and legatee die together, such as in an air crash, and it is not certain who died first, the bequest is invalid according to the Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii fiqh. But according to the Hanbali fiqh, the bequest devolves upon the legatee’s heirs who may accept or reject it. Executor of the will (Al-wasi Al- mukhtar) the executor (al-wasi) of the will is the manager of the estate appointed by the testator. the executor has to carry out the wishes of the testator according to Islamic law, to watch the interests of the children and of the estate. The authority of the executor should be specified. Hanafi and Maliki fiqh state that the executor should be trustworthy and truthful; the Shafii fiqh state that the executor must be just. the Hanafi fiqh considers the appointment of a non-Muslim executor to be valid. the testator may appoint more than one executor, male or female. the testator should state if each executor can act independently of the other executor(s). if one starts acting as an executor, one will be regarded as having accepted the appointment, both in Islamic and in English law. Dr. Abid Hussain

Socrates And Aristotle On Virtues

Socrates And Aristotle On Virtues Socrates and Aristotle are both ancient philosophers. In their work they both taught on the idea of ethics and virtues. They believed in virtues but their understanding of what is means to be virtuous were different (Lutz, 1998). This is why their teaching on virtue as well as their lives and decisions contradicted. This paper is a critical comparison between Aristotles account of virtue and Socrates account of virtue. The similarity that exists in these teachings is that they believed in existence of virtues and taught their students on what is means to be virtuous only from their different understanding. The two philosophers believed in individuals possessing intellectual virtues. The common thread on the teachings of the two was the fact that people possessed certain virtues (Lutz, 1998). The virtues represent the most significant qualities for a person to possess. The two philosophers taught that having virtues was advantageous. Nevertheless, there are various differences on the way each understood and approached the subject. The differences in the accounts of virtues by the two philosophers are not only revealed in their teachings but also their way of life. Both Aristotle and Socrates were charged with impiety, but their differing understanding of what is virtuous and right led them to different actions. When Socrates was convicted to death, he accepted it and allowed himself to be executed. When he was offered to pay a fine for his crime he refused. He also refused to honour the pleas of Plato and his other students to run away in a boat they had ready for that purpose. Socrates is known to be a man who lived what he preached (Sherman, 1997). He refused to break the law even in the face of death and wanted to set a good example to his students. In a way through his act, he answered some of the questions he had posed to his students on virtue and courage. His actions also lived up to the fact that he advocated for friendship and true sense of commonality. This is what led Socrates to willingly accept hi s death sentence when most people thought he would flee. Socrates believed that running away from the authority amounted to going against his communitys will. As a pursuit of personal happiness, Aristotle on the other hand refused to accept his charges and fled. This is because Aristotles thinking was based on individual happiness and pleasure (Sherman, 1989). Unlike Socrates, when Aristotle was charged with impiety, he took the easy way out. He ran away rather than stay to face the charges. This tells us a lot about Aristotle. This is also evident in his argument that the final goal of human beings is happiness. He argued that living a virtuous life is something pleasurable. In his argument, the virtuous man takes pleasure in living a virtuous life. In his argument, it seems like devoid of virtues, a person cannot achieve happiness. It is like virtue is the linking aspect to happiness. This is in contrast with the theory of Socrates who argues that the best way of life is focusing on self-development instead of pursuing material things (Lutz, 1998). In his teachings, Socrates never revealed answers, nor did he reveal the truth. Socrates never taught the truth but taught his students how to find the truth by themselves. He just taught his students to discover. Socrates knew that no person could answer the questions concerning courage, virtue and duty to his satisfaction. People just claimed to be virtuous and courageous without really knowing what this meant (Sherman, 1989). On the part of Aristotle, being virtuous was a thing that people could not only understand but also achieve. Aristotle disagrees with Socrates in arguing that ethics is primarily about virtues. Socrates also argues that a person can have virtues without necessarily having the kind of knowledge that typifies mathematics of nature science. Aristotle is capable of demonstrating that ethics and personal interest may be related, that ethics is well-suited to common sense, and that a virtuous person is capable of achieving rational decisions. Aristotle also made a distinction between two kinds of virtues; ethical and intellectual. Ethical virtues come about through habitual actions. He argued that people are born with the capacity to live a virtuous life. He also argues that education is essential in establishing human capability to make virtuous acts habitual. Aristotle believed that people have to act virtuously as much as they can and by doing so they make a step in becoming virtuous. He also believes that ethical virtues need to be attended with pleasure. He believed that human beings cannot be exposed to pain when they are acting virtuously. If a person is exposed to pain as a result of an action, then he cannot be considered virtuous (Sherman, 1989). Unlike Socrates who believed in doing what is right, Aristotle believed that too much and too little are always wrong. He argued that virtuous acts are always midway states between the contrasting vices of excess and deficiency. This is unlike the idea of Socrates where there was no compromise or flexibility in being good. Aristotles theory of virtues allows for flexibility. Socrates stresses that virtue was the most important possession and that life must be lived in pursuit of good (Sherman, 1997). While both of the philosophers believed in the benefit of having virtues, it is Socrates who stresses more than Aristotle the importance of the virtues. In his Socrates view there is no go between; people had to be good. In Socrates theory the idea of happiness and pleasure brings in an aspect of compromise. Between the two philosophers, it is Socrates who forms the best example of living a virtuous life.

Job Market for Health Informatics

Job Market for Health Informatics Marsha Wheeler The topic that has been researched is the job market for health informatics in the healthcare industry. Health informatics is defined as the application of information technology to improve on the management of patient’s data, population data, and other information that is relevant to patient care and the community’s health, teaching, research, and advancing medical knowledge. The process of medical decision making and processing of medical information, including technology and communication of medical practice education and research. HIT involves the exchange of health information in an electronic environment (Medical informatics, 2008). The process of transferring health information to an electronic database is a very time consuming and detail oriented process and accuracy is a must. The need for heath informatics will be ever increasing because of the technology based world that we live in today. Health information technicians and physician staff consolidate and oversee health information data by safeguarding its quality, accuracy, accessibility, and security in both paper and electronic systems. HIM professionals use different classification systems to code and classify patient personal information for compensation purposes, for use in office databases and data registries, and retainpatient medical records and course of treatment. (Health Information Technology , 2013). Extensive use of health information inside the medical industry will advance future of health care, limit medical inaccuracies, reduce medical costs, increase organizational effectiveness, reduce bookkeeping, and increase access to reasonable health care with quality of care in mind. Health informatics includes a variety of job roles and situations. Some of these different job specifications are Health data manager, claims data analyst, compliance auditor, medical coder, HER content manager, clinical informat ion manager (Health Information Technology , 2013). The education required for HIM certification begins with successfully passing a competency exam and maintaining annual continuing education requirements. Credentialing in the HIM profession is based on passing a competency exam, after completion of a two, four, or post-baccalaureate course of study. A four year degree in health information will provide entry level education to prepare for registered health information administrator credentials. To be eligible to take the RHIA exam applicants will have to meet one of the following requirements: have a baccalaureate degree or post baccalaureate certification from a CAHIM accredited information management program, have a degree from a foreign HIM baccalaureate program which AHIMA has an agreement, be a current student in a CAHIM accredited program enrolled in the final term of study (LaTour, Maki, Oachs, 2012,p. 62-63). HIM technicians usually go into the healthcare field after completing an AS degreein Health Information Technology. Other than general education classes coursework includes medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, legal aspects of health information, health data standards, coding and abstraction of data, statistics, database management, quality improvement methods, and computer science. The2011 AHIMA Job Survey showed,93% of surveyed RHITs hold a degree,74% of those surveyed hold an Associates degree, 16% hold a Bachelors degree, and 3% hold graduate and post-graduate degrees (Health Information Technology , 2013). â€Å"US News Reportrecently named health informatics and health information management as #4 of the top new college majors for the future† (Health Information Technology , 2013). HIM specialists work in many different facilities, these locations can include hospitals or clinics, home health, doctor’s offices, ambulatory care centers, elderly care facilities, mental health facilities, specialist offices, hospice facilities, and public health agencies anywhere that gathers, maintains, analyzes and utilizes medical records and data. Jobs that one can hold with a degree or certification in HIM include: Health Data Analyst, Insurance Claims Analyst, Records Technician Specialist, Clinical Coding Specialist, Physician Practice Manager, and Patient Information Coordinator. With a bachelor’s degree the positions change a bit, other jobs include: HIM College Instructor, HIM System Manager, Consultant, Chief Privacy Officer, HIM Department Director, and Data Quality Manager (Health Information Technology , 2013). The job outlook and salary potential for HIM is looking to be very good in the future. HIM is a very diverse and emerging field in healthcare that is continuing to become stronger in the employment position for the future. Bureau of Labor Statistics says thatoccupations in health information technology is anticipated to steadily rise by 22%between 2010 and 2022(Medical Records and Health, 2014). Hospitals will remain employing the most medical and health services managers. â€Å"According to American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), the average yearly earnings for entry level medical records and HIM specialists was$48,000 in 2008. With professional experience, the middle 50 percent earned $60,000 to $86,000 in 2008. The lowest 10 percent earned under $32,000 while the top 10 percent earned over $200,000† (Health Information Technology , 2013). The median pay rate is $34,160 or $16.42 per hour. Salaries can fluctuate based on education, skill, locality, and es tablishment. The demand for those in the healthcare field is anticipated to grow as our population of the country continues get older, as they are becoming older they are trying to live a healthier lifestyle. Our aging communities are going to require extensive examinations, more treatments, and education to continue to live healthier lifestyles. More medical attention will in return accompany additional medical claims for compensation from insurance companies. These extra claims added to the EMR’s that are being used by providers will increase a need for healthcare information technicians, thus increasing the job forecast for health informatics. The onset of new positions being introduced in facilities is anticipated to grow at a much relaxed frequency than other businesses, as hospitals are now focusing more on monitoring expenses and utilizing more clinics and other facilities. Medical and health services managers with more skilled experience in larger facilities will have the best job opportunities, as hospitals are becoming bigger and more complex. Employment will grow fastest in physicians’ offices and in home health agencies(Health Information Management, 2014). Services that were formerly completed in hospitals will continue to grow as medical technology improves. The need for health informatics in healthcare will continue to succeed as facilities are becoming bigger and more sophisticated. Healthcare professionals will see the need to understand the burdens of cost suppression and fiscal responsibility, and the need to refocus on preventive care will be a certainty. Administrators with generalized knowledge of a specific field, such as compensation will have more chances for growth. Government has required providers to embrace electronic health records, which is now initiating the demand for HIM specialists with the significant skills that are required to implement these new requirements. The implementation of theAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, requires all public and private healthcare providers move to meaningful use ofelectronic medical recordsby January of 2015, or face penalties(Health Information Technology Salary, 2014). Due to the change in how medical facilities manage and store patient information, the new focus has led to a surge of new positions opening up all over the country for health information management. (Health Information Technology Salary, 2014). In conclusion with all the changes in healthcare as well as technology the need for health informatics specialist is at an all-time high. With the mandates for electronic medical records by the government and our aging population now is the time to make the medical field a permanent home in my career outlook. References Health information management. (2014). Retrieved December 8, 2014, from http://www.himcareers.com/ job opportunities/ Health information technology health information management career overview. (2013). Retrieved December 8, 2014, from http://www.allhealthcaredegrees.com/him.htm Health information technology salary and career guide. (2014). Retrieved December 6, 2014, from http://www.healthinformaticsguide.com/health-information-technology-salary-career-guide/ LaTour, K. M., Maki, S. E., Oachs, P. K. (2012). Health information management concepts, principles, and practice (4th Ed.). Chicago, IL: AHIMA Press. Medical informatics. (n.d.)Mosbys Dental Dictionary, 2nd edition. (2008). Retrieved December 13 2014 fromhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Medical+informatics Medical records and health information technicians. (2014, January 8). Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/medical-records-and-health-information-technicians.htm

How Lennie is Like a Mouse in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men :: essays research papers

The characteristics of mice are simple and feebleminded. A mouse is helpless, timid and oblivious. Few characters in Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men possess such characteristics. Throughout the novel, Lennie exhibits the qualities associated with mice. Lennie relies on others to think for him. He won’t act or react unless he’s told to. When he’s getting punched in the face by Curley, Lennie doesn’t even flinch until George tells him to: â€Å"Get ‘im Lennie!† Lennie took his hands away from his face and looked about for George, and Curley slashed at his eyes. The big face was covered with blood. George yelled again, â€Å"I said get him.† Curley’s fist was swinging when Lennie reached for it. The next minute, Curley was flopping like a fish. (Steinbeck 63) Lennie, like a mouse, is helpless. Lennie relies on George to think for him like mice rely on scraps of food from the dinner table to eat. Since he relies on George to do most of the talking for him, Lennie tends to get nervous when he’s alone with others. When Curley asks him when he and George came in, Lennie freezes up, scared that whatever he says will get him into trouble, â€Å"His glance was at once calculating and pugnacious. Lennie squirmed under the look and shifted his feet nervously.† (Steinbeck 25). Mice are shy creatures who try to, at all costs, avoid trouble. Lennie is scared to talk to others because he’s scared he’ll get himself into trouble. Lennie is oblivious to what’s going on around him, it’s as if he’s in his own little world. As Curley is giving everyone a lecture because he thought Slim was with his wife, Lennie is just laying down on a bed laughing to himself: His eyes slipped on past and lighted on Lennie, and Lennie was still smiling with delight at the memory of the ranch. Curley stepped over to Lennie like a terrier. â€Å"What the hell you laughin’ at?† Lennie looked blankly at him, â€Å"Huh?

Route March Rest by Vernon Scannell, Night Raid by Desmond Hawkins, :: English Literature

Route March Rest by Vernon Scannell, Night Raid by Desmond Hawkins, The Battle by Louis Simpson - How do the poets communicate emotional or moving responses to war? What do these poems tell us about wartime life and the thoughts and feelings of civilians and soldiers? How do the poets communicate emotional or moving responses to war? The following essay will try to answer the question above. Using references and quotes from three wartime poems I will explain what they tell us about wartime life and the thoughts and feelings of civilians and soldiers. I will also clarify how the poets communicate emotional and moving responses to the disturbing war. The three poems that will be analysed are: Â · Route March Rest - by Vernon Scannell, Â · Night Raid - by Desmond Hawkins, Â · The Battle - by Louis Simpson. I have selected these poems because they contain both similarity and contrast. These aspects are important in order to produce a high-quality essay as they provide a more balanced view of the poems. Both the contrasts and similarities will be shown to give the reader a clearer overview of the poems. The three poems, as mentioned above, have all been written during wartime and therefore display hatred towards the fighting. However, they demonstrate this dislike using different methods. Vernon Scannell's technique in Route March Rest is important as he uses contrasting images and descriptions to create an overall picture of death and dismay. Scannell does this by initially introducing a scene of harshness using such tough words as "skulls", "thumping", "crunched" and "clanked". He then smoothes the picture out by creating a more calmed and restful atmosphere using such soft words as "silent, cool" and "bright as buttercups". But this is short lived as the marching image is reintroduced and the word "die" is placed at the end. Desmond Hawkins technique in Night Raid is very unique as it is done using completely free verses. At the start, strange characters are introduced which immediately creates anxiety. Harsh sentences such as "If there's a bomb made for YOU, You're going to get it" highlight the feelings of distress and misery present in all of the various people. War is also displayed negatively using this sentence: "She was shivering and laughing and throwing her head back". People would not normally be doing this and so it makes the reader link disease-like behaviour with war. Louis Simpson's technique in The Battle is fascinating as he uses repetition, onomatopoeia, tempo and colours to produce an "anti-war" description. The three poems are similar as they are all about the negative aspects of war, but they differ in terms of

Rapid Growth of Christianity in the First Centuries Essay

Account for the rapid growth of Christianity in the first centuries. Christianity spread rapidly from C.E for three hundred years until it was legalized. The fact that this religion spread so quickly is one of the most amazing feats in history – in just 300 years Christianity went from one person preaching about a God, to a legalized religion. One of the main reasons for this rapid growth is that Christianity was open to anyone, in Judaism, you were not automatically a Jew and some synagogues did not allow people to convert. The great thing about Christianity was that anybody could become a Christian. People often thought of Christianity as Judaism lite. This was because Christianity descended from Judaism and had a lot of the same beliefs – it was just easier to become a Christian and the rules were not quite as strict. Both Judaism and Christianity are monotheistic religions so they only believe in one god. The Jewish religion was attractive to gentiles – because of its monotheistic beliefs and moral code – who were tired of worshiping the Greek and Roman pantheons (Gods & Goddesses). It got to the point when Jewish Synagogues would no longer allow Christians in them so the Christians Christianity is said to have the highest standard of love to god and to man. Christianity often appealed to poor people who felt alienated by mainstream religions. Back then, most people would be able to speak fluent Greek, the fact that Christianity was written and mostly spoken in Greek made it appeal to the majority of the people because they could read it. Judaism however was spoken in Hebrew, so only people that could speak Hebrew could understand it. This is why the new testament was written in Greek. The Roman Empire had a weak religion, so it was very easy to get people to convert to Christianity. After a group of people converted, others often followed behind. So many people converted to Christianity that Rome became the ‘base’ of the religion. That Is why the Pope lives in Rome – this is where Christianity was ‘properly’ formed.

Hong Kong Jockey Club

1. The HK Jockey Club’s stakeholders are as follows: (1)The government. The HK Jockey Club, as a large single taxpayer, could contribute to the government’s fiscal revenue. (2)Hong Kong charities. The HK Jockey Club gives annual donations on which many Hong Kong charities depend. (3)The citizens of Hong Kong. The HK Jockey Club would allocate operational surpluses to support the social and civic needs related to the community services, education, medical and health. (4)The employees. The state of business of HK Jockey Club would affect the wellbeing and the salary of the employees. 5)The customers and the club members. The actions taken by the HK Jockey Club could influence or be influenced by the racing and betting public, the lottery players and the club members. 2. The challenges faced by the HK Jockey Club as it engages in CSR initiatives are as follows: (1)The HK Jockey Club regularly consults the government about the community needs when deciding the distribution of the donations; however, the Club sometimes receives the criticism for the allocation of donations. 2)How the HK Jockey Club expands its gaming business on Mainland China without violating the Chinese law in terms of gambling. (3)How to make use of the launch of an Individual Visit Scheme and the recovery of the economy in HK to upturn the betting turnover proportionately. (4)Although the move of legalizing football betting could reduce illegal bookmakers, increase the tax revenue and advance charitable funds, it potentially encourages gambling among youth. The operation of football betting may cause problem and pathological gambling. 5)The public does not well recognize the status of the Jockey Club as not-for profit. People are not aware of the charitable investments conducted by the HK Jockey Club 3. (1)The Jockey Club should conduct several researches before the enhancing of the racing product or the regulatory change. Specifically, the Jockey Club could survey the public opin ion toward the plan and consult the government, the club members and the employees to evaluate the plan feasibility. In addition, the Jockey Club could compare its situation with that of other countries that encounter with similar issues to assess the ethical mplications. (2)The Jockey Club should stop the plan or transform the marketing strategy if it does not comply with the domestic or foreign legislation. The Jockey Club should not only uphold the rule of law in Hong Kong, but also respect the legislations in other countries. Moreover, the Jockey Club should provide sufficient education for the public especially the youth about the improvement of the racing product to avoid problem and pathological gambling. Furthermore, the Jockey Club could cooperate with the government to raise the public vigilance of the illegal or unauthorized gambling.

Staff Training and Motivation at Mcdonalds

Training and Motivation at McDonalds McDonald trains almost 55,000 employees each year. Each year, it also   dedicates over A? 10 million to ongoing employee training, providing   people with valuable skills. Work experience at McDonald's is a foundation for future employability, particularly as the UK labour market continues to   evolve. With the increased demand for skilled workers, a job which   offers ongoing training with a leading organisation – is a solid   career investment. People from all walks of life credit a first job at   McDonald's with having equipped them with the ingredients for success.Staff Training McDonald's Staff Training Programme is an on-the-job vocational   experience that teaches skills transferable to other industries. All new hires begin their McDonald's experience with an induction into   the company. Staff trainers work shoulder-to-shoulder with trainees   while they learn the operations skills necessary for running each of   the 11 workstations in each restaurant, from the front counter to the   grill area. All employees-learn to operate state-of-the-art   foodservice equipment, gaining knowledge of McDonald's operational   procedures.Step-by-Step manuals and video tapes cover every detail, from how to   make a Big Mac, to how to deliver exceptional service to customers. Employees also learn how to train and supervise others. For the first time employed, McDonald's is an important â€Å"mentor',   teaching the interpersonal and organisational skills necessary for   functioning effectively on any job. McDonald's business demands   teamwork, discipline and responsibility; McDonald's experience results   in enhanced communications skills as well as greater self-confidence;   and McDonald's stresses â€Å"customer care†, and attitude which industry   experts ecognise as an essential ingredient for business success. Management Development Conducted at regional offices and corpora te training centres across   the country, McDonald's Management Development Program (MDP) continues   to develop the potential leaders which the Crew Training Programme has   nurtured. This is followed by a series of training courses designed to back up   what is learnt in the restaurant and develop management, communication   and leadership.The Management Training Centre (MTC) is McDonald's premier UK training   facility, providing a variety of business management and restaurant   operations courses to franchise and management employees throughout   the United Kingdom. The UK Management Training Centre currently puts   through approximately 1500 managers annually. The Management Training Centre runs three courses that give the skills   required by different levels of management, from restaurant shift   management to mid – management. The Basic Operations Course (BOC) equips trainee management candidates   with the skills to manage their people and run successful restaurant   shifts.The Advanced Operations Course (AOC) is predominantly for new   restaurant managers and department heads, It aims to enhance the   candidates leadership and management skills, enabling them to achieve   results in all areas of the business by working through and developing   their people. The Mid-Management Course (MMC) goes into further leadership skills   and management systems, helping these managers to effectively lead and   develop their restaurant managers. These three core courses are supported by courses and seminars run by   the Regional Training Centres. In addition, managers will work through   theaâ‚ ¬?Management Development Programme (MOP) back at the restaurant. MDP gives managers at all levels the technical and functional   management skills needed to maintain McDonald's leadership role in the   quick service restaurant industry. Manager Trainee As a Manager Trainee, you are responsible for learning and   unde rstanding McDonald's policies and procedures in order to prepare   for managing shifts in a McDonald's restaurant. The responsibilities   include, but are not limited to: aâ‚ ¬? Learning the basics of restaurant operations through on-site   training, area management and floor management. â‚ ¬? Gaining experience with attaining and maintaining customer   satisfaction. aâ‚ ¬? Developing an understanding of basic supervision, human relations,   interpersonal communication and follow-up skills. aâ‚ ¬? Establishing an Individual Development Plan to help focus on   personal career development objectives. aâ‚ ¬? Ensuring that a respectful workplace exists in the restaurant. From Manager Trainee you will move to the Second Assistant Manager   position where you actually begin to apply the skills you have learned   as a Manager Trainee. Second Assistant ManagerAs a Second Assistant Manager, you are responsible for managing   people, products and equipment to execute outstanding Quality,   Service, Cleanliness and Value (QSC;V) on all assigned shifts. The   responsibilities include, but are not limited to: aâ‚ ¬? Developing and training crew employees. aâ‚ ¬? Maintaining critical standards for product quality, service speed ;   quality, cleanliness ; sanitation. aâ‚ ¬? Managing shifts and/or areas without supervision aâ‚ ¬? Ensuring all safety, sanitation and security procedures are   executed. aâ‚ ¬? Controlling food components, labour, waste and cash while managing   shifts and or areas. aâ‚ ¬?Completing all assigned shift paperwork. aâ‚ ¬? Ensuring that a respectful workplace exists in the restaurant. The next level of restaurant management is the First Assistant   Manager. Here you will explore the business skills involved with   managing a restaurant. First Assistant Manager As a First Assistant Manager, you are responsible for assisting the   Restaurant Manager in executing virtually all aspects of the   restaurant operations. The responsibilities include, but are not   limited to: aâ‚ ¬? Demonstrating and reinforcing the leadership behaviours and basic   people standards necessary to gain commitment from crew and other   shift managers. â‚ ¬? Recruiting, staffing, scheduling and retaining employees. aâ‚ ¬? Managing the development and training of crew and shift management   employees. aâ‚ ¬? Building sales and controlling costs to deliver optimum business   results for all areas of accountability. aâ‚ ¬? Maintaining critical standards for product quality, service speed   and quality, cleanliness and sanitation. aâ‚ ¬? Controlling assigned profit and loss line items. aâ‚ ¬? Ensuring that a respectful workplace exists in the restaurant. The next level of restaurant management is the Restaurant Manager.Your performance and available positions will determine the time frame   for progression from First Assistant Manager to Restaurant Manage r. Restaurant Manager As a Restaurant Manager, you are responsible for the entire operation   of a single McDonald's restaurant, including: aâ‚ ¬? Developing and training Assistant Managers. aâ‚ ¬? Measuring external customer satisfaction and executing plans to   increase brand loyalty. aâ‚ ¬? Implementing and conducting in-restaurant new products and   procedures. aâ‚ ¬? Ensuring execution of all security, food safety and maintenance of   the restaurant. aâ‚ ¬?Projecting and controlling accurate profit & loss line items. aâ‚ ¬? Administering all in-restaurant records and procedures including   benefits, payroll, inventories, security and employee personnel flies. aâ‚ ¬? Ensuring that a respectful workplace exists in the restaurant. Opportunities beyond the Restaurant Manager position are also   available based on interest and performance. These opportunities are   as follows: Operations Consultant aâ‚ ¬? Provide leadership, coaching and directi on to assigned restaurants. aâ‚ ¬? Maximize long-term sales and profit potential of each restaurant. aâ‚ ¬?Build a positive business relationship with Restaurant Managers and   Restaurant Leadership Team Training Consultant aâ‚ ¬? Conduct training that motivates and improves individual's   performance and contribution to restaurant results. aâ‚ ¬? Serve as operations expert and consultant on McDonald's operation   standards, management tools and training systems. Business Consultant aâ‚ ¬? Consult to an assigned group of franchisees to optimize sales, QSC,   profit, and people development. aâ‚ ¬? Assist with maximizing the business potential for the franchisee   organization. Human Resources Consultant aâ‚ ¬?Provide leadership and support to the operations team, regional   staff and franchisees on Recruiting and Staffing Management/Crew   Employees, Employee Relations, Management Development, Diversity   Development, Benefits/Compensation and Man agement/Crew Retention   systems. Management Programs are also available for personal development, which   will prepare you for each step along the way. These opportunities are   as follows: Shift Management Program When you experience the Shift Management Program, you will receive   instruction through a combination of self-study modules and on-the-job   coaching.You'll also participate in the Basic Shift Management Course   and the Advanced Shift Management Course, which are offered by the   Regional Training Department. The Shift Management Program assists you in developing and sharpening   management skills in: aâ‚ ¬? Area Managements aâ‚ ¬? Food Safety aâ‚ ¬? Basic People Skills aâ‚ ¬? Respectful Workplace aâ‚ ¬? Delivering QSC;V aâ‚ ¬? Customer Satisfaction and Customer Recovery aâ‚ ¬? Shift Management* aâ‚ ¬? Coaching and Counselling aâ‚ ¬? Valuing Diversity aâ‚ ¬? Understanding the Business * Indicates self-study modules McDonald 's Internal SeminarsSeminars are designed to establish a common foundation of leadership   and management knowledge and skills for McDonald's officers. These   seminars will focus on key business issues identified by senior   management and create a platform for effective implementation of   strategic business initiatives. A team of McDonald's senior management   and external providers lead the seminars sessions. The external   providers are recognized leaders in their area and have extensive   experience consulting with and teaching executives. Types of Conflict Within the Business ————————————-By evaluating a conflict according to the five categories below —   relationship, data, interest, structural and value — we can begin to   determine the causes of a conflict and design resolution strategies   that will have a higher probability of success. There are many type s of reasons why conflicts may happen between Human   Resources Functions, such as; Relationship Conflicts ====================== Relationship conflicts occur because of the presence of strong   negative emotions, misperceptions or stereotypes, poor communication   or miscommunication, or repetitive negative behaviours. Relationship   problems ften fuel disputes and lead to an unnecessary escalating   spiral of destructive conflict. Supporting the safe and balanced   expression of perspectives and emotions for acknowledgment (not   agreement) is one effective approach to managing relational conflict. Data Conflicts ————– Data conflicts occur when people lack information necessary to make   wise decisions, are misinformed, disagree on which data is relevant,   interpret information differently, or have competing assessment   procedures. Some data conflicts may be unnecessary since they are   caused by poor communication between the people in conflict.Other   data conflicts may be genuine incompatibilities associated with data   collection, interpretation or communication. Most data conflicts will   have â€Å"data solutions. † Interest Conflicts —————— Interest conflicts are caused by competition over perceived   incompatible needs. Conflicts of interest result when one or more of   the parties believe that in order to satisfy his or her needs, the   needs and interests of an opponent must be sacrificed. Interest-based   conflict will commonly be expressed in positional terms.A variety of   interests and intentions underlie and motivate positions in   negotiation and must be addressed for maximized resolution. Interest-based conflicts may occur over substantive issues (such as   money, physical resources, time, etc. ); procedural issues (the way the   dispute is to be resolved); and psychological issues (perceptions of   trust, fairn ess, desire for participation, respect, etc. ). For an   interest-based dispute to be resolved, parties must be assisted to   define and express their individual interests so that all of these   interests may be jointly addressed.Interest-based conflict is best   resolved through the maximizing integration of the parties' respective   interests, positive intentions and desired experiential outcomes. Structural Conflicts ==================== Forces external cause structural conflicts to the people in dispute. Limited physical resources or authority, geographic constraints   (distance or proximity), time (too  little  or too much), organizational   changes, and so forth can make structural conflict seem like a crisis. It can be helpful to assist parties in conflict to appreciate the   external forces and constraints bearing upon them.Structural   conflicts will often have structural solutions. Parties' appreciation   that a conflict has an external source can h ave the effect of them   coming to jointly address the imposed difficulties. Value Conflicts =============== Value conflicts are caused by perceived or actual incompatible belief   systems. Values  are beliefs that people use to give meaning to their   lives. Values explain what is â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad,† â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong,†Ã‚   â€Å"just† or â€Å"unjust. † Differing values need not cause conflict. People   can live together in harmony with different value systems.Value   disputes arise only when people attempt to force one set of values on   others or lay claim to exclusive value systems that do not allow for   divergent beliefs. It is of no use to try to change value and belief   systems during relatively short and strategic mediation interventions. It can, however, be helpful to support each participant's expression   of their values and beliefs for acknowledgment by the other party. Working Hours One fu nctions working hours may be flexible than another functions   working hours, the employees are prone to complain as they want more   flexible working hours as well. TechnologyThere may conflicts between different functions technology wise in a   sense that one function may get better technology than another   function, e. g. one function within human resources may get the newest   state-of-the-art computers so they will be able to work more   efficiently, as opposed to another function who may have computers   which are 4 or 5 years old so they will not be able to work as   efficiently, so the will complain and the business as a whole will not   work as efficiently. Placement ; Selection Placement and selection are both important factors to be considered   when assessing conflicts between human resources.This can be caused   by a many number of things such as, if a new employee has been   recruited into the business and as soon as he starts work the business    puts him as a manager, but there has been someone there working with   the business for 20 years and has worked his way up the hierarchy to   become assistant manager to the manager before and was looking to fill   in the place of manager but this new recruit has just filled that   place, the business will expect them to work together, but they will   be conflicts between the two managers. WagesOne-function employees might get paid more for the same job that   another functions employees are doing. This will cause friction   between the functions as pay is a high motivation factor in how   efficiently the staff work. Training/Costs Training and costs are a major conflict factor as they contribute a   lot to the efficiency of the function, for example if a function has   better training and training facilities they will be able to work more   efficiently. As apposed to a function who has little money to spend on training and bad training facilities, this wi ll result in poor   training throughout the function and poor efficiently.Performance Management Performance management is the systematic process by which an agency   involves its employees, as individuals and members of a group, in   improving organizational effectiveness in the accomplishment of agency   mission and goals. The revisions made in 1995 to the Government wide performance   appraisal and awards regulations support sound management principles. Great care was taken to ensure that the requirements those regulations   establish would complement and not conflict with the kinds of   activities and actions practiced in effective organisations as a   matter of course.Planning In an effective organization, work is planned out in advance. Planning   means setting performance expectations and goals for groups and   individuals to channel their efforts toward achieving organizational   objectives. Getting employees involved in the planning process will   he lp them understand the goals of the organization, what needs to be   done, why it needs to be done, and how well it should be done. The regulatory requirements for planning employees' performance   include establishing the elements and standards of their performance   appraisal plans.Performance elements and standards should be   measurable, understandable, verifiable, equitable, and achievable. Through critical elements, employees are held accountable as   individuals for work assignments or responsibilities. Employee   performance plans should be flexible so that they can be adjusted for   changing program objectives and work requirements. When used   effectively, these plans can be beneficial working documents that are   discussed often, and not merely paperwork that is filed in a drawer   and seen only when ratings of record are required. Monitoring ———-In an effective organization, assignments and projects are monitored   continually. Monitoring well means consistently measuring performance   and providing ongoing feedback to employees and work groups on their   progress toward reaching their goals. Regulatory requirements for monitoring performance include conducting   progress reviews with employees where their performance is compared   against their elements and standards. Ongoing monitoring provides the   opportunity to check how well employees are meeting predetermined   standards and to make changes to unrealistic or problematic standards.And by monitoring continually, unacceptable performance can be   identified at any time during the appraisal period and assistance   provided to address such performance rather than wait until the end of   the period when summary rating levels are assigned. DEVELOPING ———- In an effective organization, employee developmental needs are   evaluated and addressed. Developing in this instance means increasing   the capacity to perform through training, giving assignments that   introduce new skills or higher levels of responsibility, improving   work processes, or other methods.Providing employees with training   and developmental opportunities encourages good performance,   strengthens job-related skills and competencies, and helps employees   keep up with changes in the workplace, such as the introduction of new   technology. Carrying out the processes of performance management provides an   excellent opportunity to identify developmental needs. During planning   and monitoring of work, deficiencies in performance become evident and   can be addressed. Areas for improving good performance also stand out,   and action can be aken to help successful employees improve even   further. RATING —— From time to time, organizations find it useful to summarize employee   performance. This can be helpful for looking at and comparing   performance over time or among various employee s. Organizations need   to know who their best performers are. Within the context of formal performance appraisal requirements,   rating means evaluating employee or group performance against the   elements and standards in an employee's performance plan and assigning   a summary rating of record.The rating of record is assigned according   to procedures included in the organization's appraisal program. It is   based on work performed during an entire appraisal period. The rating   of record has a bearing on various other personnel actions, such as   granting within-grade pay increases and determining additional   retention service credit in a reduction in force, although group   performance may have an impact on an employee's summary rating, a   rating of record is assigned only to an individual, not to a group. Rewarding ——— In an effective organization, rewards are used well.Rewarding means   recognizing employees, individually and as members of groups, for   their performance and acknowledging their contributions to the   agency's mission. A basic principle of effective management is that   all behaviour is controlled by its consequences. Those consequences   can and should be both formal and informal and both positive and   negative. Good performance is recognized without waiting for nominations for   formal awards to be solicited. Recognition is an ongoing, natural part   of day-to-day experience. A lot of the actions that reward good   performance – ike saying â€Å"Thank you† – don't require a specific   regulatory authority. Nonetheless, awards regulations provide a broad   range of forms that more formal rewards can take, such as cash, time   off, and many no monetary items. The regulations also cover a variety   of contributions that can be rewarded, from suggestions to group   accomplishments. Managing Performance Effectively ———— ——————– In effective organizations, managers and employees have been   practicing good performance management naturally all their lives,   executing each key component process well. Goals are set and work is   planned routinely.Progress toward those goals is measured and   employees get feedback. High standards are set, but care is also taken   to develop the skills needed to reach them. Formal and informal   rewards are used to recognize the behaviour and results that   accomplish the mission. All five-component processes working together   and supporting each other achieve natural, effective performance   management. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Writers such as FW Taylor (1856 – 1915) believed workers would be   motivated by obtaining the highest possible wages through working in   the most efficient / productive way.In short, the more money you   offer the worker, the more motivated they will be to work. Ta ylor,   identified as the Father of Scientific Management, was obsessed with   optimising efficiency and productivity in all areas of life. (Whilst   out walking he would attempt to ascertain the optimum length of stride   required to cover a distance! ). His most well known research focused   on scientifically analysing the tasks performed by workers, and it is   through these studies that we can understand Taylor's approach to   motivation of the worker.Through the scientific study of work Taylor sought to enable the   worker to achieve the maximum level of output, and in return gain the   maximum financial reward for their labour. The best way to pay a   worker according to Taylor was on a performance related basis. In one   study he looked at the work of steel workers, and by identifying the   optimum load of coal per shovel, which would enable the worker to lift   the maximum tonnage each day, the steel works plant reduced its   workforce from 600 to 140.The reward for those workers lucky enough   to keep their jobs – 60% higher wages if they met their scientifically   calculated targets for the week, by following the instructions laid   down by Taylor, on how to do their jobs. Unfortunately, the way in which Taylor appeared to view the ‘worker'   as just a pair of hands, and the job losses, which seemed to follow   him round the companies he advised, labelled Taylor as ‘The Enemy of   the Worker'. In truth, F. W. Taylor only sought to enable the worker to   reach their full earning potential, and honestly believed his work was   in the best interests of the worker.Subsequent motivational theorists have pointed to Taylor's limited   appreciation of the fact that ‘workers' are you and me – people,   complex individuals, with heads and hearts – and not just simple pairs   of hands. This said, Taylor's ideas are just as prevalent today as   they were in the early 1900s , consider the current wave of dot. com   start-ups, which offer large share options to their staff, and thus   the potential for huge financial rewards in the future, if they work   hard now. There is no escaping the fact that money is still a central   reason why people work, but is it the key to motivating people.