Dark Tourism Within The Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

Dark Tourism Within The Tourism Industry Tourism EssayThe paper of this strain willing discuss dark tourism within the tourism industry and what motivates tourists to visit this presentIntroductionThe aim of this essay is to discuss the relevance and appropriateness of distinguishable approaches of re pursuit in the exploreers chosen overpower bea (dark tourism) and what motivates tourist or visitors to visit this place. There is dissimilar seek method. In other(a) words, the seeker will be using different approaches to evaluate and analyse them. In addition, the essay will discuss and critic e genuinely(prenominal)y evaluate the available imagination in the subject area example by using soft research or numerical research, primary and supplemental research, inductive and deductive approach, plus or phenomenological approach and ethnography. Furthermore, the researcher will justify why this approach has been taken this into consideration or chosen and not the other approaches. Firstly, the literature of this essay will subtend research, qualitative research, and decimal research. Secondly, this essay will define dark tourism and validity. And finally, conclusion will be tot upd.There are different definitions for research methods, quantitative research and qualitative research. According to Sekaran (1994, p. 4) quoted in Finn et al (2000, p.2) he defines research as a systematic and organised effort to check into a specific problem that needs solution. Whilst Elias (1986, p.20) cited in Veal (2006, p. 2) argues it as The aim, as far as I after part see, is the same in all science. Put simple and cursorily, the aim is to make known something previously unknown to human beings. It is to advance human know takege, to make it more certain or let out fitting The aim is discovery.Veal also Define quantitative approach as to research involves statistical epitome. It relies on numerical evidence to draw conclusions or to test hypotheses. To be sure of the reliability of the results it is often necessary to study relatively macro numbers of people and to office computers to analyse the selective information. The data whitethorn be derived from wondernaire travel alongs, from observation involving counts, or from secondary sources.Adding to that, Veal also defines the qualitative approach as research is generally not concern with numbers. It involves conclave a great deal of information about a small number of people rather than a limited amount of information about large number of people.As the researcher tell earlier, there are different definitions for quantitative and qualitative research, here are some other definitions form another(prenominal) author. Brent and Goeldner (2003, p, 487) define qualitative research as the foundation on which strong, reliable research programs are ground. It is closely often the first step in a research program the step designed to uncover motivation, reasons, impression, percept ion, and ideas that germane(predicate) individuals have about a subject of interests. dissimilar more quantitative methods of research, qualitative research involves talking in depth and detail with few individuals. The goal is to develop extensive information from a few people. The author also defines quantitative as a type of research the goal is to develop important-but limited- information from each individual and to talk with a sizable number of individuals in articulate to draw inferences about the population at large. The characteristic of qualitative research, on the other hand, includes small samples, extensive information from each other respondent, and a search for sum, ideas and relevant issues to quantify in later steps of the research program.Dark tourism is a different type of tourist attraction. It is the act of travel and ruin to sites of death, disaster and the seemingly macabre. Tourists flock to experience sites of past terror that offer up grim and disturbi ng tragedies (www.citypaper). Howie (2003, p. 325) argues that dark tourism ignore be define as a term coined by Lennon and Foley(2000) for tourism motivated by a desire to visit places associated with death and catastrophe much(prenominal) as renowned assassination sites, for example where president Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas, or the concentration camps in Europe and Holocaust memorial in Israel.Dark tourism has been very important because is the time people remember their loves ones who has been dead through war. Tourist or visitors intend to visit the darker side of tourism from all over the domain of a function and for different reasons for example because of curiosity and maybe something they have heard before. Dark tourism includes some of the most famous places in the world to visit. It is obvious that most tourists travel because they are very interested in seeing the dark side of tourism such as the death and disaster which occurred in countries such as country F rance, Belgium and Germany where soldiers died in the wars. This dark tourism issue has caused a lot of discussion as to why people do this in among academics. investigate in the field of dark tourism has not been very important until the early nineteen seventies it began to spread only since that time. Marketing research is a broad concept including various techniques, but a main distinction should be made between quantitative and qualitative research methods. As said early Quantitative techniques describe variables by assigning a number representing an attitude, opinion or motivation- which can be statistically analysed. In contrast, qualitative research thinkes on attitudes, opinions and motivations in the words of each respondent, but without quantifying it. Quantitative methods have always dominated in tourism, as it often appears as more reliable, since it is based on facts that can be observed, and then analysed.This paper will focus on the quantitative correlation study me thod used in survey based researches. Social research is a collection of methods people use to systematically combine theories and ideas to produce knowledge. Because of its complexity, researchers must be able to carefully guide a method or methods that will best suit their study objectives. Quantitative research methods consist of experiment, content analysis, existing statistics (correlation), and survey. The correlation and survey will be the two main methods that will be emphasized. In a survey research, people are asked questions either through the use of questionnaires or during an interview. Unlike the experiment approach, the condition and situation in a survey requires no manipulation. All the subjects have to do is to answer questions. Good quantitative research is located by validity and reliability of the research method used.Quantitative research is a technique for comparing relationship between time, weight, size and performance. The purpose of quantitative market r esearch is to have an increased understanding of the product First Fruit. This research is numerically oriented and requires attention of consumers as well. For example an insurance lodge may ask its customers to rate its overall service as excellent, good, poor, very poor. Quantitative data consist of numbers representing counts or measurements (e.g., height, weights, salaries, etc.). Quantitative data can be further divided into discrete data or continuous data. Discrete data result from either a finite number of affirmable values or a countable number of possible values. Continuous data result from infinitely many possible values that can be associated with points on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps are interruptions.However, qualitative techniques have fuck off to be more commonly used for the last decade. Each technique has obviously specific advantages and drawbacks that is why it is necessary to examine both in different contexts, especially in tour ism research. As Alf H. Walle reported in his report called Quantitative versus Qualitative Research in Tourism, plurality of equally valid research strategies exist within tourism. Choice must be therefrom determined according to the situation in which the research takes place.Grounded Theory is still very relevant today as it is the main form of rigorous and rule-governed qualitative methods. Even if it attempts to maintain positivist rigor, a high degree of Modernism can be reached through this technique. As both quantitative and qualitative research methods have advantages and drawbacks. To evaluate this problem and overcome the limitations, the principal solution appears to be the use of both methods in the same time, according to the situation. As Miller and Crabtree pointed out, different levels of intensity can be reached in tourism research, this intensity being delimit as the degree to which qualitative methods are associated with quantitative methods.The canonical corre lation analysis is based on the same principle, but it uses multiple dependent variables, thus enlarging the scope of research. However, both methods have the same limitations omitted variables may be correlated with existing ones, and the environmental conditions are likely to change. On the other hand, factor analysis and collecting analysis are two other important quantitative techniques that can be useful for tourism research methods. Factor analysiss goal is to depict the underlying dimension in data and to reduce the number of variables by eliminating redundancy. severity also facilitates produce the desire result the researcher is look for. Validity can define as the extent to which the information collected by the researcher truly reflects the phenomenon being studied veal (2006, p.41). In tourism research there are different approaches targeting the audience when researching. The primary sources of these methods have largely come from sociology and anthropology. Since t hat time, qualitative techniques have developed, but the sharpest rise in qualitative publications has truly occurred in the nineteen eighties, the main reason for that being that figures cant explain all the situations, especially in a field such as tourism.Besides, stopping point behaviours are always depending on two main elements that should not be forgotten firstly, task factors include the number of alternative and attributes, time pressure, response expressive style and information format. Secondly, Context factors refer to the similarity of the options in a choice, the quality of the choice set, as well as reference points and framing. This report also considers qualitative techniques as inadequate because of the extra time, effort and skill required besides the model tested may in this case be incompletely or inadequately specified. Most researchers use different approaches of researching as has been said before, for example a focus group. Using a focus group also help a nalyse what the research is about and also gives broad ideas of another audience. Additionally, it also helps identify what people want and love to do in a tourism organisation. Researchers conduct focus group so that they can know the perception of their opinion, attitude or behaviours towards something. Focus group is a unique method of qualitative research in discussing issues with group of people. According to lia (2003, p.1) a focus group is defined as a small structured group with selected participant, normally led by a moderator. They are set up in other groups to explore specific topic, and individual views and experiences through group interaction a focus group is intended to be a collection of data from audience and also having individual interviews for example face to face interviews. On the other hand, a focus group has a limitation of analysing a topic. A Focus group can very be difficult in terms of gathering all the information taken from a target audience. As Monique (2007, p. 10) argues that despite popular belief, focus group research is not a cheap and officious exercise it requires a great of preparation, organisation, and time to collect, manage and analyse and the data. The sample size is usually small, and there is a large use of non-probability sampling methods, meaning that results cant be generalized to the whole population, they are just reliable for the sample concerned. Descriptive methods summarize some aspects of the environment, they only describe but without looking for the cause and effect of relationships. Surveys with questionnaires are the main way to collect data, they can be achieved face-to-face or by indirect means such as mail, phone, fax or the Internet. This usually takes a long time, but a large sample can be used easily. Finally, causal research establishes a cause-effect link between variables.In each case, the main strength of projective techniques is that respondents are more willing to give answers that they w ouldnt have given if they knew the purpose of the study, especially when the subject is personal or difficult. Whats more, it can reveal motivations or attitudes at a subconscious level. Yet, these methods require highly trained interviewers and skilled interpreters, as they are idle ended techniques that can thus be difficult to interpret. Finally, other qualitative methods can be used to explain the reasons and motivations underlying in peoples decisions.Moreover, there are different ways of research in terms of academic working. Researcher mostly use the following ways, referencing usually when we paraphrase or summarize individual else opinion. Books, journals, video, personal interview, emails and many more are some of the sources that researchers use. Qualitative research can be used to enhance quantitative work. Finally, in qualitative research it can lead to theological sampling. As quoted from (Manson 199693-4) in Long (2007, p.42) said, theoretical sampling means selecti ng groups or categories to study on the basis of their relevance to your question , your theoretical positionand most importantly the explanation or account which you are developingusing criteria which help to develop and test your theory and explanation. The researcher is spill to identify some side effect or complication of secondary research. According to veal (2006, p.148) he argues that are advantage and disadvantage of using secondary data to analyse research. Some of the advantages can be, timing- data maybe instantly available, cost of collecting new data avoided and disadvantages can be secondary data that has been designed for another purpose so it may be not be ideal for the current project.A clear link with this essay summarise up the importance of why visitors or tourist visit the darker side of tourism. It has now become clear that, tourists have their own interest and what motivates them to visit this place which there is no doubt for that. Additionally, the research er focuses on different approaches of research and picked one approach to research the dark tourism.